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Physics of the Solar System

Explore Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion and their significance in understanding the solar system's dynamics. Learn to define planetary orbits, describe their elliptical shapes, and understand eccentricity. Gain insights into the three laws: the Law of Ellipses, Law of Equal Areas, and Law of Harmony, which explain how planets move in their orbits around the Sun. Engage in activities such as drawing planetary orbits and comparing the eccentricities of different planets, enhancing your grasp of celestial mechanics and the structure of our solar system.

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Physics of the Solar System

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  1. Physics of the Solar System Kepler’s Laws

  2. Planetary Paths • Learning Target: • Define planetary orbit and describe its shape • Define eccentricity and compare planets to each other • Explain Kepler’s 3 Laws in simple language and give examples

  3. Activity 1 • Draw a simple orbit below

  4. Activity 1 • What do you know? • What is an orbit? • What are some things that orbit? • What is the shape of an orbit? • Do all orbits have the same shape? • Are orbits natural or human made?

  5. Solar System Live

  6. Voyager 2

  7. Johannes Kepler • One of the fathers of early astronomy • Along with…

  8. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus • In their orbits around the sun, the planets sweep out equal areas in equal times • The squares of the times to complete one orbit are proportional to the cubes of the average distances from the sun

  9. Ellipses • Construct an ellipse

  10. 1: Law of Ellipses • Planets orbit in an ellipse • The sun is at one focus • The other focus is not occupied

  11. Eccentricity of Orbits Planetary orbit eccentricities

  12. 2: Law of Equal Areas/Equal Time • A planet takes the same amount of time to move through any same area • So area A=B=C • But t (time) is the same for each one • What does it mean? A B C

  13. 3: Law of Harmony • Orbital Period: time it takes to go around the sun once • Semi-major axis: the line from the center of the ellipse to the end

  14. 3: Law of Harmony

  15. 3: Law of Harmony • So, what does it mean? • The further the orbiting body, the longer it takes to orbit • Yep, that simple

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