Science of Hadith (9)

1. Science of Hadith (9)

2. Al-HadithAshaath • In Arabic, it means the “ Odd one out”. • Definition: The hadith which is reported by a reliable narrator in contradiction to someone more reliable. • It could happen in the Isnaad or in the matn. • Status: Ashaath is da’eef and rejected.

3. Al-HadithAshaath-cont • Examples: • HadithShaath in the Isnaad: What Imam Anassaee’, Athirmithi and IbnMajah collected through SofianibnU’yaynah from AmribnDinaar from A’wsajah from IbnAbbas ( May Allah be pleased with him) that a man died at the time of the Prophet (pbuh) and did not leave inheritors except an ex-slave that he granted him freedom. So the Prophet (pbuh) asked: Did he leave anyone? They said: No, except a young man that he granted him freedom, so the prophet (pbhu) gave him all his inheritance”

4. Al-HadithAshaadth-cont • What is wrong with this hadith? • SufianibnU’yaynah and IbnGurayj and some other narrators narrated it as a MawsoulHadith. • Hammadibnzaid narrated it as MursalHadith. • Abu Hatim said the hadith of HammadibnZaid is Shaath, because he contradicted a group of reliable and trustworthy narrators.

5. Al-HadithAshaath-Cont • 2nd example: Shaath in the Matn. What Imam Abu Dawood and Imam Atirmithi collected through AbdulwahidibnZeyad from Ala’mash from AbeeSalih from AbeeHurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) as a marfou’ Hadith: “ Whoever has prayed the two raka’s of sunatAlfajr , then let him lay down on his right side” .

6. Al-Hadith Ashaath-cont • What wrong with this hadith? • AbdulwahidibnZeyad has contradicted a big group of reliable narrators who narrated this hadith as one of the actions or habits of the prophet. So our prophet used to do it after praying the two raka’s of sunatAlfajr, but he did not command anyone to do it. • The opposite of Al-hadithAshaath is Al-Hadith Al-Mahfouth. Al-Mahfouth is authentic and accepted.

7. Al-Hadith Al-Mu’al • Definition: A Hadith which is apparently authentic, but has a hidden defect affecting its authenticity. • Some scholars are very famous for detecting the hidden defects such as Al-Imam Ali ibnAlmadinee, Al-Imam Al-Bukhari, Al-Imam Ahmed, Abu Hatim and Al-Imam Ad-Daraqutni.

8. Al-Hadith Al-Mua’l continued • How the hidden defect is uncovered? By gathering all the narrations and see how the narrators differ or contradict each other. • Al-Hadith Al-Mua’l can be divided into many types, among which are the following: • Al-Hadith Al-Mudraj • Al-Hadith Al-Maqloub • Al-Hadith Al-Muthtarib

9. Al-Hadith Al-Mudraj • In Arabic, it means that something is entered into something else. • Definition: It is the hadith whose isnaad has a text connected to it incorrectly, or that which has something entered into its text, which is not from it. • It can be divided into two types: • Mudraj Al-Isnaad • Mudraj Al-Matn

10. Mudraj Al-Isnaad • (1) It is made up of an Isnaad and a matn, that were connected incorrectly. • Example: A narrator relates an isnaad, and then something happens which causes him to say something not connected to the hadith, but some people who hear it would think that it is the text of the hadeeth and report it as such. • (2) Another form of Mudraj Al-Isnaad is when a hadith is narrated through different chains of narrations and someone would come and mix them together in one isnaad.

11. Mudraj Al-Isnaad-ContinuedExample of the first type. • What Imam IbnMajah narrated from Ismail Atlhi from ThaabitibnMoussa, from Shuraik from Al-A’mash from AbeeSufian from Jabir as a Marfou’ Hadith: “ Whoever prays a lot during the night, his face will be shiny during the day” • (من كثرت صلاته بالليل حسن وجهه بالنهار) • Al-Hakim said: ThaabitibnMoussa entered while Shuraik was dictating to his students saying: Al-A’mash told us from AbeeSufian from Jabir that the Prophet (pbuh) said , and then he stopped to give chance to his students to complete their writing, and then looked at thaabit and said : “ Whoever prays a lot … etc” and he meant thaabit , so the latter thought that this statement is the matn of that Isnaad.

12. Mudraj Al-IsnaadExample of the 2nd type. • What Al-Imam Tirmithi narrated through IbnMahdi from At-Thawri from Waasil and Mansour and Al-A’mash from AbeeWae’l from AmribnShurahbeel from IbnMas’oud who said: “ I said o messenger of Allah, What is the greatest sin?...” • The narration of waasil is Mudrajah with the narration of Mansour and Al-A’mash, because Wasil does not have (AmribnShurahbeel) in his chain of narration. He narrated the hadith from AbeeWae’l from IbnMas’oud directly.

13. Mudraj Al-Matn • Definition: It is the hadith which has something added to its text which is not from it, without any separation. • It can be divided into three types: • The idraaj would happen at the beginning of the hadith e.g. the narrator makes a statement and then quotes a hadith to support it. • The idraaj occurs in the middle of the text e.g. that a narrator explains a word of the text after quoting it. • The idraaj occurs at the end of the hadith.

14. Mudraj Al-Matn (1st type) • What Al-khateeb collected through AbeeQatan and Shababah from Shu’bah from Mohamed ibnZeyad from AbeeHurayrah (May Allah be pleased with him) who said, that Allah’s Messenger (pbuh) said” Complete your ablution, woe to the heels from the punishment of Hell-fire” • (أسبغوا الوضوء ، ويل للأعقاب من النار) • The first part “ Complete your ablution” is not from the Prophet (pbuh), actually Abu Hurayrah said it. It was clarified in the other version collected by Al-Imam Albukahree through Adam from Shu’bah from Mohamed ibnZeyad “ Complete your ablution, because Abee Al-Qasim (pbuh) said “ Woe to the heels from the fire” A group of narrators transmitted this hadith from Shu’bah the way Adam did.

15. 2nd Type • ( كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يتحنث في غار حراء –و هو التعبد – الليالي ذوات العدد) • حديث عائشة رضي الله عنها في البخاري • The word التعبد is mudraj from Azouhri as an explanation to the word يتحنث