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Flexibility

Flexibility. What is Joint Flexibility?. A description of the relative ROM allowed at a joint in different directions ROM: the angle through which a joint moves from anatomical position to the extreme limit of segment motion in a particular direction. Joint Flexibility .

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Flexibility

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  1. Flexibility

  2. What is Joint Flexibility? A description of the relative ROM allowed at a joint in different directions ROM: the angle through which a joint moves from anatomical position to the extreme limit of segment motion in a particular direction.

  3. Joint Flexibility Range of motion is measured directionally from anatomical position (zero).

  4. Static Flexibility An indicator of the relative tightness or laxity of a joint. the ROM present when a body segment is passively moved (by an exercise partner or clinician)

  5. Dynamic Flexibility ROM achieved by virtue of muscle contraction

  6. Factors That Influence Joint Flexibility Shape and Tightness

  7. Shape of Joint Components The articulating bone surface, muscle tissue or fat terminate movement at extreme ROM.

  8. Tightness of Muscle & Collagen Stretching increases extensibility of both tissues. Lack of stretching significantly diminishes extensibility over time. *Increased temperature increases flexibility of collagen.

  9. Neuromuscular Response & Joint Flexibility

  10. Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO) • Sensory receptors that influence extensibility • Located in the muscle-tendon junction and in the tendons at both ends of muscles • Stimulated by tension produced by muscle contraction or passive muscle stretch • Inhibits tension in agonist muscle (promote relaxation) & initiate tension development in antagonists

  11. Muscle Spindles • Sensory receptors that respond to: • amount of muscle (static response) • rate of muscle lengthening (dynamic response) • Muscle spindles will: • provoke reflex contractionin stretched muscle • inhibit tension inantagonists..

  12. Comparison of:

  13. GTO Promotes RelaxationMuscle Spindles Inhibit stretch Therefore, maximizing GTO & minimizing the muscle spindle increases joint flexibility.

  14. Techniques for increasing Joint Flexibility Active & Passive Stretching Ballistic & Static Stretching PNF

  15. Active Stretching Produced by contraction of the antagonist muscles Ex. Quadriceps contract so that hamstrings are stretched Advantage: exercises muscle group used to develop force

  16. Passive Stretching Produced by a force other than tension in the antagonist muscles Ex. Gravitational force, force applied by another body segment or by another person. Advantage: movement can be carried out father beyond the ROM

  17. Static Stretching Maintaining a slow, controlled, sustained stretch over time. usually 20-30 seconds Advantage: does not activate muscle spindle response that inhibits stretching

  18. Ballistic Stretching Series of quick, bouncing-type stretches. The potential for injuries is heightened due to activation of muscle spindle which inhibits stretching

  19. ProprioceptiveNeuromuscular Facilitation a group of stretching procedures involving alternating contraction and relaxation of the muscles being stretched

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