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Women, Migration and Development:a view

Women, Migration and Development:a view. Filomenita Mongaya Høgsholm KULU, BABAYLAN DK & EU Bucharest, Romania 3-5 June 2010. The Migration Phenomen.

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Women, Migration and Development:a view

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  1. Women, Migration and Development:a view Filomenita Mongaya Høgsholm KULU, BABAYLAN DK & EU Bucharest, Romania 3-5 June 2010

  2. The Migration Phenomen • Nothing new under the sun! Human history is about people incessant moving in their search for better conditions: water, food, shelter and other necessities for living. • Or just to avoid conflict and repression. • Lately also to overcome environmental and natural catastrophes: desertification, volcanoes, etc.

  3. Globalisation and migration • Movements of populations become hectic at times under the globalisation we are now experiencing due to demands of the market. • Demografic deficit – more ageing populations but fewer to take care of them esp.in Europe • Populations esp. In Global South in general have better access to communications, transport, IT technology, all conducive to crossing borders.

  4. Facts on Global Migration • Currently there are over 200 millions of humankind who are outside their countries of origin. 2010 statistics: 104 million of these are women. • Circa 86 millions are in the labour market with approx. 50% women, but for some regions women make up a higher percentage (Franck & Spehar,pp 11-12)

  5. Gender & Migration:Europe • In the 70’s men mostly left in order to work abroad for higher salaries; Later joined by their families whose wives stayed home: Moroccans, Pakistanis, Turks • Few groups-Filipinos in north Europe- started with both men and women who came for labour migration

  6. Women on the Move • In the 80’s women began to seek jobs abroad because of poverty un- and underemployment. • Economic liberalisation impacts on women’s place in agriculture, industry, EPZs. • Others travel out of curiosity and a hidden wish to remain abroad(Filipinas with carefree attitude: Bahala na- God wil take care- go undocumented

  7. Vulnerability when women migrate • Domestics/Househelp, agricultural workers and also health professionals from Asia, Africa, Latin Americas...but no monitoring of this area. • In east and central Europe women are recruited for mythical jobs in the West only to end up trafficked for sex and slavery. 3) Women have no rights, are violated and suffer violence and sanctions, their legal documents,eg. passports are divested from them or be confiscated.

  8. Women and migration • Women migrate because they want to improve conditions for their families, they try to find work or study to learn new skills, resulting in economic power in the family. Some flee from repressive regimes or patterns in their families. • Women immigrants should have security in ALL PHASES of the migration process. Their human as well as labour rights should be secured.

  9. Gender&Migration intersect • As more women, esp. in the North and West are joining the labour force and able to have better standards of living and have careers, it is expedient to re-establish the system of using female migrant labour from Asia, Africa, Latin America; lately from Europe itself: the new EU. But this is hush hush and even shame, shame esp. In Nordic countries who feel guilty about househelp and nannies. This is changing.

  10. AU PAIRS In Danmark Dejligst • Problematic areas: • Au pairs considered as cheap labour instead of being on Equal Footing with the Host Family • Lack of cultural knowledge and background between the au pair and the host family. • Sexuality codex very different from each other so unwanted pregnancies and abortions. • Danes love private lives and their privacy while young Filipinas hunger for fun in the company of friends.! Isolation • Their legal situation does not allow for redress

  11. Globalisation’s WinWin? Agency among South’s Youth today. They are cyberchildren who master the computer and do not have global boundaries at the same time that EU is putting up Fortress Europe! Migration as strategy in the hope that the West will come to recognize their diplomas and bring them to the ”right shelf” when it comes to educational qualifications. Current usage of Au Pairs: as cheap labour; this fits in perfectly with the EU’s neoliberalism but no adequate protection and misuse of their potential. Plus their human rights are at risk.

  12. Remittances: M&D enigma • Short term: Remittances like migration are non neutral women are not passive. Independent even from patriarchal societies like Morocco or Mexico. • When men send remittances to wives, no change in gender roles and for women who migrate, not automatic…

  13. Enigma, contd. • Long-term: remittances may have inter-generational effects, eg. increased educational participation of younger women. • Women exercise selective assimilation by reconstructing gender relations within the family. • Philippines ranks nr,6 globally in closing the gender gap accdg. To World Eco Forum so safe to conclude that Filipinas have a way with remittances: INSTRAW study of Fils. In Italy.

  14. 2-tiered Perspectives on Agency • RIGHTS:Creating a Task Force to work exclusively on the rights/human rights of the au pairs,eg. Babaylan working with labour unions and other NGOs has had some effect, if slow. Ideally, migrant workers should come under the protection of labour unions. • Alliance with media or self organization for balanced reporting and true representation of facts.Lobbying with legislators – eg. Hearing. • DEVELOPMENT: Engaging Diasporas in Projects that promote livelihood, Links with women and dev NGOs here in North

  15. Women to women • Gender equality • Equal opportunity • Dialogue & Solidarity • Respect for our diversity • Network and communication incld. Media Strategy/Public diplomacy –eg. Cultural activity in local and national fora

  16. Shopping List? Migration Bag • Migration must be temporary = Circular migration? • Governments take more care of citizens eg. establ. Special Agency on Migration and Development • Govt. must facilitate the translation of remittances into real development so migration is by choice not coercion.

  17. More win-win scenarios • Circular migration of women can be better utilized globally by opening up jobmarkets in destination countries for the trained and the competent. Europe will face a labour shortage… • Transnationalism. Global measures must be taken to secure women their equitable rights both in home country and host society. That they can BE themselves and INCLUDED as CITIZENS. • Brain drain = care gain? OR Brain Gain = Global Development ? • NETWORKING AD LIBITUM or WWW WOMEN 2 WOMEN WORLDWIDE

  18. Global Migration Group • Recognition of Migrants contribution to economic gains and human development in the context of current crisis • As legal channels decrease protect access to mobility, break down barriers during crisis, Migrants are otherwise vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation and scapegoating

  19. THANKS, MERCI, MUCHAS GRACIAS • MARAMING SALAMAT at MABUHAY!!! • www.babaylan.dk • www.babaylan-europe.org • www.filomenitamongaya.com

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