1. Conceptual Design Design of a water purification system Done by: Engineers without limits: Alaa Shbair Basma Naeem Hala Haitham Khadija Faisal Mais Mustafa Sara Bakhti

2. Outline • Introduction • Problem definition • Generation of Alternatives • Designs • Designs Evaluation • Recommendations • Conclusion

3. Introduction

4. Problem definition • Revised client statement • Background reading • Selection of country • Methodologies used in water purification and the stages in water purification • Technical specifications: Maintainance measurements, cost and conditions. • Properties of safe drinking water

5. List of final objectives Client's requirements and the community needs: • portable • easily maintained • inexpensive device /using low cost and locally available materials

6. Objective Tree

7. Priotarizing objectives • The ranking is illustrated in a pair wise comparison chart(PCC) • This ranking was used to help the designers make up their minds when it came to the designing process • Objectives that scored lower are still important

8. Pair Wise Comparison Chart

9. Establishing Metrics • Metrics : standards that measure the extent to which a design’s objectives are realized. • This will help us compare the different designs used to fulfill the project’s main objectives.

10. Establishing Metrics

11. Evaluation metric

12. Establishing Metrics

13. Evaluation metric

14. List of final constraints • To identify appropriate designs and select among set of alternatives, it was essential for the team to identify limitations of the design so as to exclude unacceptable designs. • This project has certain constrains that should be considered while installing and constructing the devise. • Cost • Location • Size and weight • Time

15. Cost • Economical status of Ghana: • Agricultural country. • Famine and drought • Income of individual • targeted population: farmers and labors • average individual income per year is 807 $ • The device should not exceed 50 $

16. Locations • Sources of energy: • Fuel wood • Charcoal • Oil/natural gas • Limit use of electricity and fossil fuels • Available Materials: • Aluminum • Plastic • wood

17. Size And Weight • Device should be light: • Can be lifted by human: “The size of the typical device should be with average weight in the limit of 1-30 kg and shouldn’t weigh more” .

18. Time • Project Deadline: The project is scheduled to be accomplished by the 30th-May-2010 • one month to go. • The time schedule for this project and task documentation is illustrated in the Gant chart( handout).

19. Morph chart

20. Designs

21. Design 1 Contaminated Water Filtration paper Reverse osmosis Membrane Ceramic filtration cartridge • Material: Plastic • Cost : 40$ • Maintenance: 1 -3 yrs • Flow rate: ≈0.75 gal/min • Dim:5“ L X 13”H X 5”W Clean safe drinking water

22. Design (1)

23. Design 2 Contaminated water Ceramic Cartridge Filtration paper • Material: Plastic • Cost : 78$ • Maintenance: 1 -3 yrs • Flow rate: ≈0.6 gal/min • Dim:10.5“ L X 12”H X 5”W Carbon Cartridge Granulated activated carbon cartridge Safe drinking water Ion exchange resin

24. Design 2

25. Design 3 • Material: Aluminum • Cost : 450 $ • Maintenance: 1 years • Flow rate: ≈0.6 gal/min • Dim:11“ L X 12”H X 5”W Solar cells One way valves Contaminated water Filtration paper Ultra filtration membrane Ultraviolet unit Salts storage Storage area Safe drinking water

26. Design 3

27. Designs evaluation

28. Designs evaluation

29. Designs evaluation

30. Designs evaluation

31. Designs evaluation

32. Designs evaluation

33. Designs evaluation

34. Designs evaluation

35. Designs evaluation

36. Stepping Forward

37. Conclusion • Problem framing : source review and revised client statement. • Identifying objectives, constraints • Functions and means • Generating design concepts • Evaluating alternatives according to metrics • Recommendation

38. Any Questions Thank you for your attention