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Promoting Innovation and Access through Medical Innovation Prizes

This document discusses the potential of innovation prizes as a mechanism to stimulate advancements in medical technology and increase access. It provides historical examples of successful transportation and diverse prize competitions, emphasizing their role in fostering breakthrough inventions. The text highlights recent endorsements of government-sponsored prizes and lists novel subject candidates aimed at solving pressing social and technological challenges. Ultimately, the document aims to inspire collaboration, investment, and the pursuit of innovative, cost-effective solutions across various sectors.

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Promoting Innovation and Access through Medical Innovation Prizes

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  1. Non-Medical Innovation Prizes Stephen A. Merrill, Ph.D Executive Director Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) Medical Innovation Prizes as a Mechanism to Promote Innovation and Access UNU-MERIT The Netherlands January 28-29, 2008

  2. 2 STEP BOARD • Going from A to B: Transportation Prizes • Longitude Prize, 1714-73 (safe ocean navigation) • Orteig Prize,1927 (solo New York-Paris flight, following prizes for cross- Channel and North Atlantic flights ) • Anheuser-Busch Prize(circumnavigation by balloon) • Kremer Prize (human-powered flight) • Cheap Accessto Space Prize, 2000 • Ansari X-Prize, 2004 (sub-orbital flight without government assistance) • NASA Centennial Challenges,2005-6 (power beaming from space, space "elevator") • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Grand Challenge, 2004-5 (autonomous surface vehicle over a desert course) • DARPA Urban Challenge, 2008 (autonomous ground vehicle over an urban course)

  3. 3 STEP BOARD • Other Diverse Prize Competitions • Synthetic alkali, 1775 • Vacuum-sealed food for military operations, 1795-1810 • Super-efficient refrigerator prize, 1991-93 • Cooperative computing challenge (Electronic Frontier Foundation) • Computerized human conversation (Loebner Prize for artificial intelligence) • Nanoscale robot (Feynman Prize) • Farmat's Last Theorem proof (Wolfskehl Prize) • Mathematical problem solutions (Clay Institute Millennium Prizes) • Arsenic removal from drinking water (U. S. National Academy of Engineering Grainger Prize) • Rapid, low-cost gene sequencing (X-Prize Foundation)

  4. 4 STEP BOARD • Recent U.S. Endorsements of Government-Sponsored Prizes • NAE, Concerning Federally Sponsored Inducement Prizes in Engineering and Science (1999) • Newell & Wilson, Technology Prizes for Climate Change Mitigation (RFF, 2005) • Kalil, Prizes for Technological Innovation (Brookings Hamilton Project, 2006) • STEP Board, Innovation Inducement Prizes at the National Science Foundation (NAP, 2007)

  5. Novel Subject Candidates (STEP, Kalil) • Sensitive, cost-effective chemical sensors for pollutants • Nano self-assembly • Green chemical products, processes • Low-carbon energy technologies • Catalysts for converting cellulosic biomass • Computing architecture advances • Learning technology for teaching reading, K-12 science and math • Solar sailcraft • New crop varieties suited to Africa • Hydrogen production, storage, distribution • Zero-energy buildings, appliances • Cost-effective solar cells

  6. Diverse Multiple Goals • Technology Goals • accomplish a technological breakthrough • stimulate nascent or stalled technologies • stretch existing technologies by demonstrating their utility • stimulate private market for, diffusion of an existing technology • apply technology to a seemingly intractable social problem • adapt existing technology to a less developed economy • Ancillary Goals • pay for outputs, induce private investment in inputs • involve nontraditional participants and encourage unorthodox approaches • encourage collaboration, build social capital • educate, inspire non-participant public

  7. Design Elements • Selection of topics, goals, and objectives • Type: typically best-in-class or first-past-the-post • Administration • Source and size of purse or other award • Participation, registration, screening, rules compliance, interest conflicts • Liability • Private property rights • Award process and appeals • Promotion • Evaluation

  8. Comparison of Recent Prize Competitions

  9. Cont., Comparison of Recent Prize Competitions

  10. Challenges and Limitations • Identifying topics, objectives suitable to specifying outcomes in advance • Specifying proxies for general goals (e.g., cost-efficiency) • Higher consequences of failure • Duplication of effort • Inhibit information exchange • Discourage some would-be innovators

  11. 11 STEP BOARD E-mail: smerrill@nas.edu Website:http://www.nas.edu/step

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