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1914-1918

1914-1918. The Great War: 1914-1918. MAIN IDEAS:. Why the German Plan Failed Stalemate: why neither side could gain an advantage Impact of the new weapons of war Total War, propaganda, and the Home Front New Allies: 1917 Events of 1918: how the war ended. Schlieffen Plan Fails.

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1914-1918

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  1. 1914-1918

  2. The Great War: 1914-1918 MAIN IDEAS: • Why the German Plan Failed • Stalemate: why neither side could gain an advantage • Impact of the new weapons of war • Total War, propaganda, and the Home Front • New Allies: 1917 • Events of 1918: how the war ended

  3. Schlieffen Plan Fails • Russia stronger than expected • Belgium resists • Britain enters the war • “Miracle of the Marne” halts German attack

  4. RUSSIA GERMANY AUSTRIA-HUNGARY FRANCE ITALY STALEMATE ON THE WESTERN FRONT

  5. A major factor of the First World War was that on the battlefield, the defense had the advantage over the offense.

  6. Role of Technology: NEW WEAPONS OF WAR

  7. Machine Gun

  8. Heavy Artillery

  9. Heavy Artillery Guns

  10. Gas shells exploding in front of trenches Mustard gas victim

  11. U-Boats

  12. Battles of Verdun and the Somme

  13. Battle of the Some

  14. Territory gained by Attacks at Verdun and the Somme

  15. For the first time in history, propaganda plays a major part in warfare. The major theme was German brutality, especially in Belgium.

  16. THE EASTERN FRONT

  17. 1917: Allies Change • Revolutions in Russia • March Revolution: Fall of the Czar • Nov. Revolution: Communist (Bolshevik Revolution): Lenin • US enters the War • U-boat warfare • Zimmermann Telegram • Ties to Allies

  18. Events of 1918 • Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points • Spring German Offensive fails • US troops arrive in large numbers • Fall Allied offensive gains ground • German collapse at home • Armistice: Nov. 11, 1918

  19. The Western Front in 1918

  20. World War I Casualties

  21. MILITARY DEATHS • U.S.-- 100,000 men • Italy-- 500,000 men • Austria-- 800,000 men • Britain -- 1 million men • France-- 1.5 million men • Germany--1.5 million men • Russia-- 2 million men

  22. DEVASTATION DURING AND AFTER THE WAR… • 10 MILLION SOLDIERS KILLED • 10 MILLION CIVILIANS KILLED • 20 MILLION SEVERLY INJURED • SHELL SHOCK • SPANISH INFLUENZA EPIDENIC KILLS ANOTHER 20 MILLION

  23. New Horrors for a New Century • Total War • Industrial weapons of masskilling • Extreme Nationalism • Civilians targeted • Genocide: Turks slaughter Armenians • Communist Revolution • Terrorism

  24. CONCLUSION • World War I has been called a “War with many causes but no objectives.” • This profound sense of waste and pointlessnesswill shape European politics in the post- war period.

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