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Rest & Activity

Rest & Activity. Rest. Condition of rest Adequate Sleep Mental Relaxation Physical Comfort. Sleep. Stages of sleep NREM (non-REM): Stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ ， Ⅲ ， Ⅳ REM (rapid eye movement) Sleep cycle. Sleep Cycle. Presleep NREMⅠ. Assessment of sleep. Factors Affecting Sleep

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Rest & Activity

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  1. Rest& Activity

  2. Rest Condition of rest • Adequate Sleep • Mental Relaxation • Physical Comfort

  3. Sleep • Stages of sleep NREM (non-REM): Stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ REM (rapid eye movement) • Sleep cycle

  4. Sleep Cycle PresleepNREMⅠ

  5. Assessment of sleep • Factors Affecting Sleep • Sleep Disorders • Sleep Characteristics of Hospitalized Clients • Collection of Data About Sleep

  6. Factors Affecting Sleep

  7. Sleep characteristics of hospitalized clients • Desynchronization 昼夜性节律去同步化 • sleep deprivation 睡眠减少 • sleep fragmentation 睡眠中断 • vulnerability to rebounds 诱发补偿

  8. Collection of Data About Sleep • Usual sleep pattern • Bedtime rituals performed t help fall asleep • Use of sleep medications and other drugs • Sleep environment • Recent changes in sleep patterns or difficulties in sleeping

  9. Usual Sleep Pattern • hours of undisturbed sleep • time of going to bed • time of waking up in the morning • time and duration of naps • time of trying to fall asleep • frequency and reason of waking up at night ,duration of these periods • whether easily aroused and snore • sleep disorders：insomnia, sleepwalking，sleep talking • quality of sleep or satisfaction with sleep

  10. Nursing Intervention to Promote Sleep • Creating a restful environment • Supporting bedtime rituals • Arranging nursing interventions reasonably • Strengthening mental nursing • Health teaching • Administrating sleep medications reasonably

  11. Activity

  12. Factors Affecting Activity • Growth and Development • Physical Health • Mental Health • Personal Values and Attitudes • External Factors • Prescribed Limitations

  13. Physical Health • Congenital or Acquired Postural Abnormalities • Problems with Bone Formation or Muscle Development • Problems Affecting Joint Mobility • Damage to the Central Nervous System • Trauma to the Musculoskeletal System • Problems Involving other Body Systems

  14. Effects of Immobility • Musculoskeletal system Disuse atrophy 废用性肌萎缩 Osteoporosis骨质疏松 Contracture挛缩 Stiffness and pain in the joint关节僵硬、疼痛 • Cardiovascular System Orthostatic (postural) hypotension 体位性低血压 Thrombus formation of deep vein 深静脉血栓形成

  15. Effects of Immobility • Respiratory system Decreased respiratory movement Retention of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳滞留 Hypostatic pneumonia 坠积性肺炎 • Metabolic System Decreased metabolic rate Negative nitrogen balance

  16. Effects of Immobility • urinary system Urinary retention尿潴留 Urinary calculi泌尿道结石 Urinary infection泌尿道感染 • Gastrointestinal system Constipation便秘 • Integumentary System Pressure ulcer • Psychosocial Effects

  17. Activity & Nursing Process

  18. Assessing • Nursing History Daily activity level Activity tolerance Type and frequency of exercise Factors affecting mobility • Physical Examination • Problems Related to Immobility

  19. Physical Examination • Body Alignment and Gait • Joint Structure and Function • Muscle Mass and Strength • Activity Tolerance

  20. Assessing • general information一般资料 • cardiorespiratory function status心肺功能状态 • Musculoskeletal status骨骼肌肉状态 • Joint function status关节功能情况 • body activity level机体活动能力 • current state of illness目前的患病情况 • social and psychological status社会心理状况

  21. Implementing • Choosing suitable position • Maintaining normal physical status of spine and functional position of joints • Reducing Immobility Hazards • Providing ROM Exercises • Implementing isometric and isotonic exercise of muscles

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