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aalbergel@aria.fr aria.fr

Sulphur Chemistry and Acid Rain over China. How to Compute the Contribution of E ach Province?. Ding Zhongyuan 1 , Ruibin Wang 1 , Liu Fang 1 , Claude Derognat 2 , Genevieve Guerinot 2 , Matthias Beekmann 3 , Armand Albergel 2 1 China National Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing China

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  1. Sulphur Chemistry and Acid Rain over China. How to Compute the Contribution of Each Province? Ding Zhongyuan1, Ruibin Wang1, Liu Fang1, Claude Derognat2, Genevieve Guerinot2, Matthias Beekmann3, Armand Albergel2 1China National Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing China 2ARIA Technologies SA Boulogne-Billancourt France 3Institut Pierre Simon Laplace CNRS France aalbergel@aria.frhttp://www.aria.fr

  2. Summary Software « CHIMERE » at the CNEMC:  Comparison with CNEMC data  One year modeling ( Year 2000) Flux exchanges between provinces

  3. Winds altitude hv FREE TROPOSPHERE 2000 m Winds limit layer 100 m Temperature COV Deposition MIXING LAYER NOx COV COV NOx noon evening morning Processes taken into account Inversion

  4. Algorithms • Chemical mechanism : adapted for SO2 , H2SO4 gaseous and aqueous chemistry MELCHIOR reduced : 48 species and 128 chemical reactions • Photolytic rate : attenuated by cloudiness • Wet and dry deposition for SO2 an H2SO4 : The Dry Deposition Velocityis calculated with a resistance approach as proposed by Wesely et al., (1989) In the case of the wet deposition, the following processes are considered : In-cloud scavenging of : - SO4 aerosol - Gaseous species (now SO2 and H2O2) Sub-cloud scavenging of : - SO4 aerosol - Highly soluble gaseous species (now HNO3)

  5. Showcase Grid 55° 15° 150° 90° 1° x 1° • Latitude : 15°N-55°N resolution 1° Longitude : 90°E-150°E resolution 1° • 7 levels including the all PBL from surface to 400 hPa • 60x40=2400 meshes x 7 levels

  6. Input data • Land Cover :USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) 15 land use categories • Meteorology : ECMWF ( Centre Européen de Prévisions météorologiques à moyen terme) • Emissions : • ACE-Asia (Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment) • Y2000 • resolution 1°x1° http ://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia • Seasonal modulation from GEIA (1985)

  7. Y2000 data collection Emissions

  8. Pollution by activity type and Season modulation No seasonal modulation (industry and transportation) Seasonal modulation as SO2 (GEIA - 1985)

  9. ACE-Asia SO2 area emissions

  10. ACE-Asia SO2 large point sources emissions

  11. CO emissions

  12. NO emissions

  13. VOC Speciation Correspondance between VOC Klimont et al (2002) and MELCHIOR VOC CHINA VOC speciation Europe VOC

  14. VOC emissions with speciation

  15. Ratio VOC Biogenic / Anthropogenic • Summer • Winter • Biogenic VOC emission are significant in the south

  16. Evaluation using CNEMC data (Year 2000)

  17. Evaluation using CNEMC data • 50 ground station measurements SO2 et de NO2 Hourly base 1 June 2000  31 december 2000. • Rain episode : measurements of H2SO4 and of the rainfall amount

  18. [SO4] bias • 1200 « episodes » over 54 sites. • Under-estimation of the SO4 in the rain water • A part due to the rainfall data

  19. Rainfall bias • 1200 « episodes » over 54 sites. • High under-estimation of rainfall when using ECMWF coarse data

  20. Season cycle model values ×5 • Summer : Rain , SO4 concentrations  • Winter : Rain , SO4 concentration 

  21. [SO2] air concentration • Question of Urban or background measurements (Continental scale) • Spatial distribution OK • Mean concentration from june 2000 to december 2000

  22. [NO2] air concentration • Question of Urban or background measurements (Continental scale) (traffic ?)

  23. Time Series Examples Station du N-E Station du Sud • NE: Bias OK • Au S et S-O : High Bias (emission ? Or model resolution ?)

  24. Main results (Year 2000)

  25. Season Cycle on SO2 Winter Spring Autumn Summer • Mean [SO2] at 15 h TU lors de: • Winter (D,J,F) Spring (M,A,M) • Summer (J,J,A) Autumn (S,O,N)

  26. OZONE ppb Spring Winter Summer Autumn

  27. WINTER Sulfur deposition • Cumulated deposition • total (DT), • dry (DS) • wet (DH) ) • précipitations (Pr) • Winter (D,J,F) DT DS Pr DH • Dry deposition mostly • West to East transfer

  28. SUMMER Sulfur deposition • Cumulated deposition • total (DT), • dry (DS) • wet (DH) • precipitations (Pr) • Winter (D,J,F). DT DS Pr DH • Wet deposition more efficient

  29. Evaluation pollutant fluxes exchange between geographical zones

  30. Area definition

  31. Where does the emitted SO2 give acid rain ? Year 2000 Where does the sulphur come from ?

  32. Where does sulphur pollution come from?

  33. Next steps ?

  34. Next steps ? • Focus on one or two target area • Improve resolution (10 to 5 km) • Nested in the CHIMERE-CHINE • Using a more precise emission inventory • Use of CHIMERE particle version

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