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The Impact of Eisenhower and Stalin on Peaceful Co-existence: Key Contributions and Context

This activity explores the contributions of Eisenhower and Stalin to the concept of "peaceful co-existence" during the Cold War. Students will investigate key reasons for its emergence, including the consolidation of superpower positions, military and economic contexts, and leadership changes. By analyzing the historical background, particularly after Stalin's death and the ensuing power struggles, students will assess the development of policies under Khrushchev. The task includes reading key pages, taking notes, and discussing the broader implications of peaceful co-existence in East-West relations.

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The Impact of Eisenhower and Stalin on Peaceful Co-existence: Key Contributions and Context

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Presentation Transcript

  1. starter activity Who contributed more to the Thaw? Eisenhower or Stalin?  Other?

  2. How did ‘peaceful co-existence’ come about?  Learning objectives TBAT explain at least 3key reasons why PC came about To assess the extent Khrushchev was responsible

  3.  Your task • Read p.75. Where did the phrase ‘Peaceful co-existence’ originate? What were some of the factors which caused it? • Read p.75-8 and list the reasons why ‘peaceful co-existence’ emerged between the two superpowers. Take notes under these headings: • Consolidation of positions • Military & economic context • Death of Stalin • Beria • Malenkov

  4. Peaceful Co-existence • Origins of term – 1st coined by Malenkov, head of Communist Party & Soviet PM , 1952; developed into fully formed policy under Khrushchev • Purpose – means of co-operating between East & West until Marxist aims of communist society could be fulfilled • Causes – changes in leadership, need to avoid all-out nuclear war, wider issues …

  5. Consolidation • By 1949 division of Europe entrenched • Formation of NATO (1949) & Warsaw Pact (1953) made divisions more evident • Positions were secure – now more willing to negotiate

  6. Military & economic context • By 1955 USA & USSR possessed hydrogen bombs • Arms race picking up speed, e.g 1950 US had 298 atomic bombs, in 1955 it had 2,422 • 1/3 of USSR spending went on military projects US Hydrogen bomb – one very similar was jettisoned in 1958 of coast of Georgia and remains there to this day!

  7. Death of Stalin • Power struggle between Beria (head of secret police), Malenkov (Politburo member) & Nikita Khrushchev (Politburo member) Beria (with Svetlana) Khrushchev Malenkov  Read about Beria’s depraved sexual antics

  8. Beria’s initiatives • Beria: “All we want is a peaceful Germany, and it makes no difference to us whether it is socialist or not” • Proposed reunified, united East Germany • BUT Berlin Uprising (1953) dashed hopes of unified Germany – 25,000 arrests, 400 executions

  9. Malenkov’s ‘New Course’ • ‘New Course’ – war between capitalism and communism no longer inevitable • Resources should be directed towards improving living conditions in USSR

  10. Khrushchev built on Malenkov’s policy, developing ‘New Course’ into ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ & De-Stalinisation

  11.  Plenary • Why did the world react positively and negatively to Stalin’s death • Who coined the phrase ‘Peaceful Co-existence? • Reasons for development of PC? • Extension. Who do you think should really be credited with PC? Should it even be a Russian?

  12.  Homework • Create a factoid on Nikita Khrushchev. Include references to his early life, ascendancy, relations with US, key achievements & failures, death • Take notes on Austria & Finland (p.80) using the ‘Skills builder’ question to guide you .

  13.  Plenary • 3 reasons why Peaceful Co-existence came about • How far was Khrushchev responsible? •  If you were Eisenhower, how would you turn ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ to your advantage?

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