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Medical Protozoology

Medical Protozoology. 1. Introduction to Protozoa. 65,000 species. more than 40 are medical. Protozoa ---is an unicellular eukaryote animals with whole physiological functions. 2. Morphology. size--- 2 μm  200μm. shape--- round, ellipse, pear like, erose. Morphology. Protozoa.

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Medical Protozoology

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  1. Medical Protozoology

  2. 1. Introduction to Protozoa • 65,000 species • more than 40 are medical Protozoa ---is an unicellular eukaryote animals with whole physiological functions

  3. 2. Morphology size--- 2 μm 200μm shape--- round, ellipse, pear like, erose

  4. Morphology Protozoa Cell membrane Matrix Organelle Cytoplasm (Basic structure) Nourishment materials Nucleus

  5. Nucleus （1）The vesicular nucleus round in shape with 1 karyosome, with little of chromatin （2）The compact nucleus 2 or more karyosomes , full of chromatin

  6. 3. Life cycle Three types of life cycle 1. Person-to-person transfer (direct or indirect) a single host only ① Trophozoite only: e.g. Trichomonas vaginalis ② Trophozoite --active feeding stage, reproductive stage, pathogenic stage Cyst---resting stage, resistant form, infective stage e.g. E. histolytica

  7. 2. Circulating transfer more than one vertebrate with sexual and asexual reproduction e.g. Toxoplasma gondii

  8. 3. Arthropod (vector) transfer need insect person to insect and insect to person

  9. 4. Physiology 1. Locomotion 2. Reproduction 1)Asexual Reproduction ①Binary fission– resulting in 2 daughter cells ②Multiple fission-- resulting in a number of cells ③Budding

  10. 2) Sexual Reproduction ①Conjugation– exchange of nuclear material of 2( ciliates only) ②Gametogony --- ♀♂gametes zygote • Alternation of generations

  11. 5. Pathological Characteristics of Protozoa 1. Proliferation 2. Transmission( diffusion and invasion) 3. Opportunistic pathogenicity (immunodeficiency persons)

  12. Classification Generally, according to their locomotion organelles, protozoa can be divided into 4 groups: Amoebae Ciliates Flagellates Sporozoan

  13. Amoebae Ciliates Flagellates Sporozoan

  14. Cell membrane • receptors, enzymes, ligand • strong antigenicity • associating with ingestion, excretion, • locomotion, invasion

  15. Cytoplasm Matrix Ectoplasm gel state with function of protection, locomotion, sensation, etc Endoplasm sol state with granules

  16. Ectoplasm Nucleus Endoplasm

  17. Organelle ①Membranous organelles mitochondria, Golgi body, kinetoplast etc ② Locomotory organelles Pseudopodium Flagellum Cilium ③Intake of food organelles cytostome cytopharynx

  18. Pseudopodium Flagellum Cilium

  19. cytostome cytopharynx cytoproct ( Balantidium coli )

  20. Nourishment materials food vacuole glycongen vacuole

  21. vesicular nucleus nuclear membrane central karyosome chromatin granules

  22. compact nucleus ( Balantidium coli )

  23. Binary fission Multiple fission

  24. Trichomonas Vaginalis Trophozoite

  25. Trophozoite E. histolytica Cyst

  26. Helmith nematode trematode cestode Protozoa

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