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Understanding the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neural Communication

Explore the intricate world of the nervous system, focusing on its composition, including the two main cell types: neurons and glial cells. Compare neurons with other body cells, examining similarities and differences in function and structure. Learn about different types of neurons—sensory, motor, and interneurons—and their roles in neural communication through electrochemical processes. Delve into action potentials, neurotransmitter release, and the impact of various ion movements on neural signaling. A comprehensive overview that highlights resting potential, polarization, and conduction methods.

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Understanding the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neural Communication

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Presentation Transcript

  1. nervous system • what is it? • composition: 2 cell types neurons glia

  2. neuron VS. other body cells: • how similar? • how different? - in function - in structure

  3. parts of neuron - function - structure

  4. types of neurons sensory neurons motor neurons interneurons

  5. neural communication ELECTRO-CHEMICAL PROCESS -excitatory or inhibitory messages -action potential -neurotransmitters

  6. neural communication ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS

  7. overview potassium + sodium + myelin myelin ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL movement of +/- charged ions neurotransmitter release & binding

  8. resting potential Inside of cell is negativerelative to the outside -70 mv action potential Inside of cell is momentarily positiverelative to the outside +30 mv

  9. ion channels sodium (Na+) potassium (K+) channels on axon

  10. types of polarization depolarization polarization hyperpolarization

  11. resting potential

  12. potassium + sodium + myelin myelin

  13. saltatory conduction

  14. neurotransmitters Bind to receptors on dendrites of next neuron & cause excitatory (+) or inhibitory (-) signals. Then, reuptake.

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