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This guide outlines best practices for preparing and publishing scientific research results to enhance clarity and accessibility. It emphasizes the importance of relying on verified data, selecting appropriate visualization methods (tables vs. graphs), and maintaining clean, simple graphics. Recommendations include using legible fonts and color schemes wisely for presentations, taking into account the audience's familiarity with the subject matter. Whether for peer-reviewed articles or informal communications, knowing your audience and organizing material effectively are key to impactful scientific communication.
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Preparing a scientific result • So, you did a research, test you hypotheses, introduced new findings and get quality-checked amount of data – how to prepare them to be “user-friendly”? • Your conclusions should fully rely on the results achieved through a research and on the existing knowledge – do not change/delete/add the data without well-argued peer-reviewed arguments. • A great number of software (Excel, Primer, Grapher, Surfer, Statistica, Matlab, ...), but how to use to them to produce a reliable and readable result
A great number of choices makes you nervous – you should select the easiest-for-you method
To Table or to Graph, that is the question Tables Exact comparisons between data points Excellent for presenting specific data Bar/pie charts Show dramatic comparisons differences not trends make comparisons in sizes, magnitudes, amounts Line graphs Demonstrate movement, change, trends Estimate v. a scale
Simple line drawings are often best • Don’t make graphs and tables complicated • The audience can’t read a graph with too much information • The audience can’t read a graph with lots of thin lines • The audience can’t read a graph with dotted, dashed, or other specialty lines unless they are very bold and thick.
Putting your results on presentations You should be careful on: Text Layout • Legible, large fonts • No underlining • Bold, color, italics • 6 lines, 6 words • Key points • Recommended fonts • Serif vs. Sans Serif
Colour • Choose colors wisely • Stick to a theme • Darker backgrounds • Lighter text and graphics • Know your lighting conditions Bad examples
Za koga? • Prezentacije (usmene, posteri) • Uglavnom u boji • Grafički kompleksne, atraktivne • Što više grafičkih prikaza, a što manje tablica • Namjenjeno širem krugu slušatelja • Znanstveni radovi • CB&B (boja se najčešće plaća, on-line obično u boji) • Što jasnije sa čistim linijama, točno određeni format • Tablice bez horizontalnih linija • Doktorat • Kombinacija crno-bijelog i u boji • Veća sloboda formata slika i tablica nego kod znanstvenog rada • Bitna konzistentnost kroz cijeli rad • Velike tablice s podacima često se stavljaju u prilog
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http://www.fao.org/fi/FCP/en/GHA/PICS/Table1.jpg Presentation Article
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Ways of advertising and communicating a scientific result • informal communication • scientific conferences (oral and poster presentations) • peer-review article in a scientific journal • books, monographs, technical reports... • media reports (TV, radio, internet, newspapers, ...) • popular articles, public lectures • web pages
Informal communication • Ways of communication: • Discussion with the colleagues from • the lab or employing institution • Direct communication with other • researchers • Email communication • Newsgroups • Advantages: • Rapidity • Selectivity, sensibility to the personal demands • Interactivity (lecturer vs audience, discussions in “real-time”) • Honesty (personal opinions, wearing out your “dirty” clothes – negative, non-affirmative results)
Conference presentations • They usually precede other ways of advertising • It is an excellent place for evaluation of your research, and for getting useful advices and critics which you can use to finalize your research • Better choice is highly-specialised small conferences and workshops (e.g. less than 100 people), as the audience is more “qualified” for the evaluation
Key Points • Know your audience • What do they know? - What do they want to know? • Figure out what they will learn and why they want to learn it • Be professional • - Organise yourself, your materials,and your time • A good talk can usually be split into five parts: • Definition and motivation of the problem • General theory • Details • Conclusions • Question time
Peer-reviewed articles • You will learn how to write them in the next lesson
Media reports • Done by journalists (educated and non-educated) • Large journals and newspapers have proffesional science journalists – they inspect the scientific resources (journals, books, ...) and write popular articles • However, smaller newspapers do the same thing by “general” journalists – this may be a large problem – always ask for authorisation! • “Smart” journalists ask authors to write the basics, and they put that in the journal frame
Personal example “Poslovni dnevnik” – journalist did a translation of a part of peer-reviewed article “Jutarnji list” – journalist did a conversation to the author, but the Editor put some nasty figures and headlines
Crackpot presenters • Crackpot is a person who promotes pseudoscience.
Web pages If you consider your work a good one, you can produce a web page with your results, and spread the URL address.
Popular articles, public lectures • You can write a popular article (written for an ordinary people) in some weekly or montly magazine (e.g. Nautica, Hrvatske vode, Geo, Meridijani, ...) – different writing style, you should take advises of the journalists • Public lectures or even press-conferences may be organised through some established science seminars (e.g. Festival znanosti, ...), non-governmental organisations or by yourself – the information about the lecture should be disseminate towards media, colleagues and researchers and wider audience.
And that’s all, folks! Any questions ???
