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بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم. ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMB. Shirin Kamalgharibi Master degree of physiotherapy. Anatomical position. anterior. Text. Text. posterior. ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMB. THE SHOULDER

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

  2. ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMB ShirinKamalgharibi Master degree of physiotherapy

  3. Anatomical position

  4. anterior Text Text

  5. posterior

  6. ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMB THE SHOULDER IT CONTAINS THE SCAPULA&THECLAVICLE which articulate with the sternum & the humerus.

  7. THE SCAPULA The ventral (costal) surface is concave &forms the subscapular fossa. The dorsal surface is convex &divided by the spine of the scapula to 2 fossae: 1- a small supraspinous fossa. 2-a large infraspinous fossa.

  8. THE SCAPULA The spine of the scapula starts medially to extend laterally where be wider to form acromial process which articulate with the lateral end of the clavicle. At the lateral end of the superior border is the coracoid process. The superior angle lies opposite the second rib while the inferior angle lies opposite the seventh rib. The lateral angle forms the glenoidcavity.

  9. THE SCAPULA *It is a flat bone with 2 surfaces (ventral& dorsal).&3 angles (superior, lateral& inferior).& 3 borders (medial ,lateral & superior). *It has a spine ,acromial process &coracoid process.

  10. THE CLAVICLE It lies horizontally in the root of the neck. It covers the flat 1st rib& its medial 2/3 are curved forward to give room for the passage of the large vessels & nerves which leave the neck & pass behind & below the clavicle on their way to upper limb. It has 2 important functions: 1- To transmit forces from the upper limb to the bones of the axial skeleton (sternum) 2- To act as strut holding the arm free from the trunk.

  11. THE CLAVICLE It is along bone with a body & 2 ends: 1-the sternal end articulate with the manuberium of the sternum forming the sterno- clavicular joint. 2-The acromial end articulate with the acromial process of the scapula forming the acromio- clavicular joint. The body is convex in medial 2/3 concave in lateral 1/3.

  12. THE HUMERUS It is a tubular long bone composed of upper end , body (shaft ) & lower end. The upper end formed from 1- the head 2- the neck ( anatomical &surgical ) 3- the tubercles (greater & lesser ) .

  13. THE HUMERUS The head : which is less than ½ sphere directed medially ,upward &posteriorly .It is separated from the greater & lesser tuberosities by a shallow groove called the anatomical neck . The greater tuberosity is a prominence which projects posteriorly in rest position. The lesser tuberosity is a small prominence which project anteriorly. The greater & lesser tuberosities & the head are separated from the shaft by the surgical neck. There is small groove below them called the bicipital groove .

  14. THE HUMERUS The body (shaft ): the upper ½ of the shaft is cylindrical while the lower ½ is like a prism. The lateral & medial borders of the lower shaft are continued below to form the lateral & medial supracondyler ridges (crests) which end with the lateral & medialepicondyles. In the middle of the shaft there is deltoidtuberosity & the spiral groove .

  15. THE HUMERUS The lower end formed from( from medial to lateral ) : 1- the anterior aspect :medial epicondyle , trochlea ,capitulum & lateral epicondyle . With 2 fossae (coronoid & radial ) . 2- the posterior aspect: medial epicondyle , trochlea & lateral epicondyle with one fossa (olecranon) . The medial epicondyle is larger , more prominent & extend downward more than the lateral .It carries a shallow groove in the posterior surface for the ulner nerve .

  16. THE RADIUS It is along bone , consist of thin narrow upper end ,body & thick expanded lower end . The upper end consist of : 1- The head :is disc like with 2 articular surfaces : 1-1-the upper surface with the capitulum of the humerus. 1-2-the lateral surface with the radial notch of the ulna . 2-The neck :constricted part below the head . 3-The radial tuberosity :below the medial part of the neck .

  17. THE RADIUS The body of the radius which had 3 surfaces & 3 borders & pronator tuberosity. The lower end which is the styloid process laterally & ulnar notch medially .

  18. THE RADIUS The joints of the radius : Above:1- the upper surface of the head receives the capitulum of the humerus to form part of the elbowjoint . 2- the circumference of the head articulates with radial notch of the ulna to form the superiorradio-ulnar joint . Below:1- the ulnar notch receives the head of the ulna to form the inferior radio-ulnar joint . 2- the inferior surface of the lower end articulate with 2 carpal bones to form the wrist( radio-carpal )joint

  19. THE ULNA It is along bone with upper end , body (shaft ) & lower end. The upper end consist of : 1- The olecranon process :the upper part of the trochlear fossa . 2- The coronoid process : the lower part of the trochlear fossa . 3- The ulnar tuberosity :below the coronoid process on the anterior surface . .

  20. The articulation of the carpal bones The proximal row is convex toward the lower end of radius & ulna . 1- The scaphoid & lunate articulate with the lower end of the radius . 2- the triquetral articulates with the lower end of the ulna . The bones of the proximal row articulate with the bones of the distal row in mid carpal (transveresecarpal) joint.

  21. The bones of the hand The Metacarpal bones : are 5 . One for each finger . Each metacarpal bone has : base ,shaft & head . The phalanges : all the fingers have 3 phalanges ( proximal , middle & distal ) except the thumb has only 2 (proximal & distal ). Each phalanx has base , shaft & head .

  22. Hand: Carpal bones: 2 rows– proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate Metacarpal bones (I – V) /1st – metacarpal bone of the pollex/ Fingers: Phalanges: proximal, medial, distal (pollex – only proximal and distal) • Digiti manus et pedis • (fingers of the hand and foot) • Pollex (Hallux) • II. Index • III. Medius • IV. Anularis • V. Digitus minimus

  23. Upper Limb muscles

  24. Upper limb is not as firmly attached, so has extra muscles to hold it in place

  25. Trapezius Origin: Occipital bone, Spines of C7 and T1-12 Insertion: Acromion Spine of scapula Lateral 1/3 of clavicle

  26. Trapezius Innervation: Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Action: Extension of the head Elevation and depression of scapula

  27. Trapezius

  28. Serratus Anterior Origin: First 9 ribs Insertion: Medial edge of scapula’s deep surface

  29. Serratus Anterior Innervation: Long thoracic nerve Action: Rotates scapula Primitively a BODY WALL MUSCLE

  30. Serratus Anterior

  31. Levator Scapulae Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4 Insertion: Medial edge of scapula

  32. Levator Scapulae Innervation: Ventral Rami of C3 and C4 Action: Retracts scapula Depresses glenoid

  33. Rhomdoidius Major Origin: Spines of T2-T5 Insertion: Medial edge of scapula

  34. Rhomdoidius Major Innervation: Dorsal Scapula Action: Retracts scapula Depresses glenoid

  35. Rhomdoidius Minor Origin: Spines of C7 and T1 Insertion: Medial edge of scapula Note: minor is superior (cranial), but SMALLER

  36. Rhomdoidius Minor Innervation: Dorsal Scapula Action: Retracts scapula Depresses glenoid

  37. Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major

  38. Levator Scapulae Depression Rhom- boids Pecoralis Minor

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