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Neurone - highly specialized cell

Neurone - highly specialized cell. c. d. e. dendron. Cell body. axon. f. Myelinated Nerve. Node of Ranvier. White fat from Schwann cell. axon. Myelin sheath: Faster nerve impulse, Protection, Insulation. Sensory neurone. Types of Neurones. Relay neurone. Motor neurone. 1. 3.

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Neurone - highly specialized cell

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  1. Neurone - highly specialized cell c d e

  2. dendron Cell body axon

  3. f

  4. Myelinated Nerve Node of Ranvier White fat from Schwann cell

  5. axon Myelin sheath: Faster nerve impulse, Protection, Insulation

  6. Sensory neurone Types of Neurones Relay neurone Motor neurone 1 3 CNS 2

  7. 1 3 2

  8. Cell body

  9. Resting potential - polarization

  10. Facilitated diffusion Na-K pump

  11. Resting Membrane Potential  d b -ve c

  12. Action Potential: change of membrane permeability to Na & K channel opens = permeability increases

  13. Action Potential (-70 to +40mV) K  Na  (Na influx) K  Na=0 (K outflux) K  Na=0 (too much K outflux) K  Na=0 (K outflux) K  Na=0 (K outflux)

  14. K  Na  K  Na=0 repolarization depolarization K  ,Na=0 hyperpolarization polarization K  Na=0 K  Na=0

  15. Na per>>K per K per >>Na per potential difference K per>Na per K per> Na per K per Na per

  16.      All-or-nothing Law • freq. only

  17. Propagation of Nerve Impulse Wave of negativity along axon surface

  18. polarization repolarization p.d depolarization Pump out Na & prepare for next impulse

  19. Non-myelinated Myelinated

  20. Factors affect Transmission rate • Axon Diameter (thicker > faster) • Myelin Sheath (faster) • Temperature (higher > faster)

  21. Synaptic Transmission presynaptic postsynaptic presynaptic

  22. Nucleus of cell body Cell body Synaptic knob axon

  23. Synaptic vesicle Synaptic knob mitochondria Presynaptic membrane Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic membrane

  24. Synaptic Transmission depolarization a presynaptic b c postsynaptic d) Na influx, depolarizarion

  25. a b Changes in synaptic transmission c d e f

  26. Function of Synapses • Ensure impulse to pass in one direction • Prevent damage of effectors due to over stimulation • Act as junctions for dividing up and merging of neurones

  27. Merge many neurones

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