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Chemistry Level 2

Explore the fascinating world of giant covalent structures and nanomaterials! Discover how forms of carbon, such as diamond, graphite, and fullerenes, showcase unique properties. Learn the differences between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers, highlighting their recycling potential. Delve into the incredible applications of nanoparticles, including their use in nanotechnology. Find out how fullerenes facilitate targeted drug delivery and how carbon nanotubes enhance the durability of materials. This overview provides essential insights into their structure, properties, and real-world applications.

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Chemistry Level 2

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  1. Chemistry Level 2 Giant covalent structures and nanomaterials

  2. Giant covalent structures - 1 • Diamond and graphite are forms of carbon with giant covalent structures. • Fullerenes are another form of carbon used to form nanotubes.

  3. Giant covalent structures - 2 • Thermosoftening polymers do not have cross links between chains. • They canbe melted. • So they can be recycled

  4. Giant covalent structures - 3 • Thermosetting plastics have long chains with cross-links • This holds the chains in place and makes the plastic rigid – so they can’t be recycled

  5. Nanoparticles • Fullerenes are examples of nanoparticles • Nanoparticles are made up of a few hundred atoms • They measure between one nanometre and 100 nanometres across

  6. Nanoparticles are useful • Nanotubes have very large surface areas compared with their volumes so make excellent catalysts • Nanotubescan be used to reinforce tennis rackets because they are so strong and stiff, yet light • Fullerene cages can deliver dangerous drugs to the site of a tumour or infection • Nanoparticles are being used for self-cleaning ovens and windows

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