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EET 450 - Advanced Digital

Advanced digital display adapters play a crucial role in the Human/Computer interface by managing the visual output from the system. They enable boot processes, transitioning from basic mono-text to high-resolution color modes. Popular formats like VGA and Super VGA follow VESA standards, while graphics accelerators provide 2D and 3D rendering capabilities. Understanding bus technologies, video memory types (like VRAM and SGRAM), and BIOS support are essential for optimizing performance and resolving common video issues. This guide covers key aspects of display adapters for enhanced graphical experiences.

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EET 450 - Advanced Digital

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  1. EET 450 - Advanced Digital Display Adapters

  2. Display Adapters • A vital part to the system • provides the visual part of the Human/Computer interface • In boot process, goes through a variety of steps from mono-text through the highest color mode available • Display unit must support the output

  3. Board Types • VGA boards - standard now • Super VGA - follow VESA standards for high resolutions • Graphic Accelerator - include 2D drawing instructions • 3D accelerator board - includes 3D/rendering commands

  4. Adapters • Process - depends on commands from the CPU to display information • source of image may be from RAM, Disk, or created ‘on the fly’ • Accelerator chips provide hardware support for the ‘on the fly’ image generation • all other image forms are restricted by bus speed.

  5. Technologies that affect speed • Chip-sets for accelerators • BUS technology • Register width of D/A card • Memory technology used • VRAM • Designed to be accessed by both input and output devices at the same time

  6. Video Memory • SGRAM – Synchronous Graphics RAM • Not dual ported – used on moderate to high end cards • WRAM – Window RAM • Faster & less expensive than VRAM • Supports full motion video • 3-D RAM – designed to improve simulated three dimensional representations

  7. Resolution support • 3 basic resolutions 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768 • See Table 9-8 • Color support (mode) • 24 bit or 32 - 16.7 Mhues • Speed rating • resolution vs frame rate • Bus bandwidth • ISA – 16 bit, PCI - 32, AGP – 64 bit

  8. Other Issues • BIOS support • OS support • MMX Technology (3DNow) • Graphics accelerator in the CPU (Pentium)

  9. Video Controllers • CRTC – CRT Controller • Motorola 6845 – single chip control of traditional monochrome display. • Pages of text information, erase, scroll, etc. • VGA Controller • Added control registers to allow complex control of detailed color images with greater color depth • Cursor control • Included in hardware

  10. RAM DAC • Random Access Memory – Digital to Analog Converter • Provides analog control voltage for color control. • Video information must be stored in MEMORY • Memory contents (text or graphic information) is converted to display

  11. BIOS • PC Video Bios • Original PC design provided CRT controls in BIOS • VGA Bios • Extended BIOS controls to include color palettes & LCD control information • Super VGA • VESA Bios extensions

  12. Mode Numbers • VESA Standard modes • See Table 16.5

  13. Interfaces • ISA • VESA Local Bus • UMA – Unified Memory Arch. • VGA Auxiliary Video Connector • Card edge connector on VGA Board • VESA feature Connector/ Advanced Feature Connector

  14. Interfaces • VESA Media Channel • Uses PCI Standard for video control features • Advanced Graphics Port

  15. Speed Comparison • Each of the standard ports for Video Adapters are classified as ‘Local Bus’

  16. Other Video Issues • TV Tuner • Video Capture • NTSC • PAL • SECAM • HDTV

  17. Troubleshooting Video Problems • Power Light (LED) does not go on; No Picture • Check power • Check fuse • Check voltage select switch

  18. Troubleshooting Video Problems • Power LED is on; no picture • Check settings (contrast, etc) • Check Cable • Check System Configuration – hardware and software • Test Monitor on known good system • Reseat video card • Check socketed chips • Disable shadow video RAM

  19. Troubleshooting Video Problems • Power on, but monitor displays wrong characters. • Check Video card • Check motherboard

  20. Troubleshooting Video Problems • Monitor Flickers and/or has wavy lines • Check cable connection • Degauss • Check for nearby RF interference • Fluorescent lights, speakers • Check settings for refresh rate

  21. Troubleshooting Video Problems • No graphics display or blank screen when loading certain programs • Check program requirements • Verify that card has necessary capabilities • Check adapter driver

  22. Troubleshooting Video Problems • Other problems • Screen goes blank after 30 seconds • Poor quality color display • Out of focus • Other adjustments

  23. MONDAY • We start at 7:00 PM 7:00 PM 7:00 PM

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