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26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters. Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids). Functional group: carboxyl (combines carbonyl and hydroxyl) _______ General formula: _____ or R-COOH. Naming Carboxylic Acids. IUPAC Name longest hydrocarbon chain, add “-oic acid” to root word.

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26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

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  1. 26-3: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

  2. Carboxylic Acids (Organic Acids) • Functional group: carboxyl (combines carbonyl and hydroxyl) _______ • General formula: _____ or R-COOH

  3. Naming Carboxylic Acids • IUPAC • Name longest hydrocarbon chain, add “-oic acid” to root word. • Name any branches as necessary.

  4. Properties of Carboxylic Acids • Long chain carboxylic acids are known as fatty acids. • Very polar; soluble in water. • Undergo hydrogen bonding, therefore higher boiling points.

  5. Esters • Functional group: __________ • General formula: ____ (R-COOR) • Formed from rxn of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

  6. Naming Esters • Based on the alcohol and carboxylic acid it formed from. • Change the name of the alcohol to end in –yl. • Take the name of the acid and add “–oate” to it (if IUPAC) or “-ate” (if common.

  7. Ester examples • Ester formed by reacting ethanol and propanoic acid. • Ethyl propanoate • Ester formed by reacting formic acid and propanol. • Propyl formate

  8. Properties of Esters • Polar, but do not form hydrogen bonds. Therefore, boiling points are lower than alcohols or acids. • Have very distinctive fragrances (ex: orange, banana, apple, wintergreen, rum, pineapple)

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