Understanding the Use and Abuse of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs

1. PEAC1001 Lecture 8 Avoiding Destructive Behaviors Concept 18: The use and abuse of tobacco Concept 19: The use and abuse of alcohol Concept 20: The use and abuse of other drugs

2. Tobacco and nicotine • __________ phase • Gases released during the burning process • Shortness of breath • __________ phase • Small particles that enter the air and can then be breathed • Increased cancer risks

3. Smoke phases • Mainstream smoke • Smoke that is _________________ • Filtered • ____________________ • Unfiltered • Comes directly off the burning end • Contains 20-100X carcinogens than mainstream smoke • Carcinogens = substances that promote or facilitate the growth of cancerous cells • Second hand is a _______ of mainstream and side-stream smoke

4. Nicotine is one of the ____________drugs Most addictive? Withdrawal Lack of substance in body Reinforcement _____________ Dependence Requires frequent administration in order to avoid withdraw Intoxication Nicotine

5. Risks • Brain: increased risk of stroke • Organs: increased risk of cancers and diabetes (kidneys, bladder, pancreas, stomach) • Lung: increased risk of lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, and asthma • Blood: increased risk of leukemia • _______________________________________ • Others areas: reproductive system, mouth/throat, and eyes

6. Other forms • Cigar • Pipe • _____________________ • Does not lead to respiratory problems • Leads to mouth and tissue cancers • ___________________________ Same ingredients as cigarettes. often, and frequently in higher amounts

7. Country trends ________ Europe United States Cigarette consumption

8. Beginning use Most _____________given for why young people start using tobacco • Peer influence • Social acceptance • Desire to be “mature” • Desire to be “independent” • Desire to be like their role models • Appealing advertisements

9. When You Quit • Feel better right away • ______________ • Body will eventually heal most of the damages • _________________ • Taste and sense of smell return • Lungs heal and return to that or a nonsmoker in about 15-20 years

10. Alcohol • ___________ – the drug in alcoholic beverages • Intoxicating and addictive drug misused • Classification: ____________ • Concentrates in areas in the body that contain water • Brain contains high amounts of water • Depresses central nervous system • Impairs the central nervous system

11. Alcohol content in drinks All three have the same alcohol contentdespite different volumes Beer: 4% alcohol X 12 oz = .48 oz alcohol Wine: 12% alcohol X 4 oz = .48 oz alcohol Whiskey: 40% alcohol X 1.25 oz = .5 oz alcohol

12. Alcohol metabolism • It does vary between people • Most ________ adults take 1-2 hours to metabolize a drink • Can not be metabolized as quick as consumed • BAC is ____________________ • Used to determine if a driver is legally intoxicated • BAC of .08/.10 is typically the illegal driving rate

13. Factors Determining Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) • __________________________ • Rate of consumption • _____________ • Carbonation (speeds up absorption) • ___________ • Sex/body type

14. Alcohol risk • ____________: permanent scarring of the liver due to alcohol use • Results in decreased blood flow and the buildup of toxins in the body

15. College Drinking • 696,000 physical assaults • 599,000 injuries • 400,000 instances of unsafe sexual behavior • 97,000 sexual assaults • 1,700 deaths annually • Being in a small town

16. Illicit drugs • Psychoactive drugs • _____________ • Opiate narcotics • Stimulants • _____________ • Designer drugs

17. Depressants • Alcohol • _________________ • Stimulation, lowered inhibitions • ___________ – Valium, Xanax, sleeping pills • depression, loss of coordination, confusion • Barbiturates – Nembutal • Loss of memory/impaired cognition

18. Codeine Morphine Synthetic opiates (Vicodin) Methadone Heroin AKA Smack Physiological block pain, chronic constipation, low respiration, impaired immune system, lower sexual drive Psychological - euphoria, drowsiness, fear ________ narcotics __________

19. Cocaine (coke or crack) Physiological increase the activity of either the SNS/CNS _____________ Dilated pupils Psychological Initial rush of energy, intense euphoria depression, moodiness, anxiety (to find more of the drug) _________________ Stimulants

20. Amphetamines and powder methamphetamines (speed, crank); diet and pep pills, Ritalin Crystal methamphetamine (Ice) ________________ Physiological - Stimulants: excite CNS, increase BP and HR -Extreme energy, sleeplessness, seizures, flushed skin Reduction of appetite Psychological euphoria, delusions of grandeur, violent when provoked Long term use: hallucinations Stimulants

21. Hallucinogens • ____________ - Physio: bronchitis, lung cancer, heart disease, infertility, permanent memory loss. Psych: pleasant, relaxed, emotionally withdrawn, impair all types of performance • ________ (Lysergic acid diethylamide) - Physio: chromosomal changes, resulting in birth defects. Psych: vivid hallucinations, overlapping senses, confusion, flashbacks

22. Hallucinogens • PCP (Phencyclidine) - Physio: ______________, weight loss. Psych: insensitivity to pain, can lead to death, hallucinations, loss of control • Inhalants - Physio: slow reaction time, headache, heart attack, death. Psych: ______________, less inhibition, irritability

23. _____________ (Rohypnol, GHB) - CNS depressant, incapacitates, amnesia, coma, tremors, sweating Ecstasy or “X” -temporary euphoria -________________, intensified heart problems, exhaustion, muscle tension, dry mouth Designer drugs

24. Consequences