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Discover the economic, social, and cultural aspects of colonial life in English colonies, from mercantilism to slavery and the Enlightenment. Learn about the agricultural South, industrial North, immigration concerns, and the seeds of independence.
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Unit 1 Review Part II Colonial Life Bullets
English Colonies • Mercantilism– System of nations increasing their wealth and power through trade with colonies • Balance of trade • Social System – Widely available prosperity
English Control • Colonies were very successful traders • Lumber, furs, fish, grain, tobacco sent to Europe • Large quantities of finished goods bought • Parliament passes the Navigation Acts –Restricted how colonists could do business • Required all goods imported or exported from the colonies to be carried on English ships.
Agricultural South • Growth of cash crops – tobacco, rice, indigo • Large plantations developed • Few towns and cities because of the agricultural lifestyle
Southern Society • Plantation owners were top of society • Small farmers (backcountry farmers) were most of the population • Subsistence farming – growing just enough to feed your family • Second class role of women • Indentured servants
Slavery in America • Slaves would replace Indians and indentured servants • Triangular Trade – America’s raw products to Europe, European finished products to Africa, African slaves (middle passage) to American colonies • Slave culture – dance and religion very important • Slave resistance – passive resistance
Industrial North • Diversified economy • Harsher weather conditions • Food exports • Lumber industry • Ship building • Iron making
Cities Develop • Most cities were port cities- • Boston, New York, Philadelphia • Urban problems – • Fire, clean water, waste, poverty
Immigration Concerns • Lots of different immigrant groups and religions • English, Germans, and Irish were largest groups • Resentment begins
Witch Trials • 1692 – Salem Massachusetts • Puritan community • Young girls accused people of being witches • The accused named other witches • Witches were often executed
Colonial Women • Few legal rights • Did many jobs on the farms of the region • Only single women could own property or run a business • Religion also helped to make women submit to men
Education • Rate of education higher in colonies than in England • Religious purposes • Establishment of universities – Harvard, Columbia, Princeton, Yale
Enlightenment • Promoted science, knowledge, and reason • Led to many discoveries • Benjamin Franklin • Also led to increasing education • Cotton Mather – helped inoculate (vaccinate) against small pox
Great Awakening • A revival of the Puritan faith • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield –challenged ministers’ authority and created tensions in congregations • “fire and brimstone” preachers • Led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions such as Baptists and Methodists
Philosopher • John Locke • Natural Rights • Life • Liberty • Property • Social Contract - An agreement between a people and their government to protect their rights
Seeds of Independence • Glorious Revolution in England • Salutary neglect – very loose supervision of the colonies • Lack of control led to self government • Religious, political, economic, and social freedoms