Colonial Life in English Colonies: Trade, Society, and Transformation

1. Unit 1 Review Part II Colonial Life Bullets

2. English Colonies • Mercantilism– System of nations increasing their wealth and power through trade with colonies • Balance of trade • Social System – Widely available prosperity

3. English Control • Colonies were very successful traders • Lumber, furs, fish, grain, tobacco sent to Europe • Large quantities of finished goods bought • Parliament passes the Navigation Acts –Restricted how colonists could do business • Required all goods imported or exported from the colonies to be carried on English ships.

4. Agricultural South • Growth of cash crops – tobacco, rice, indigo • Large plantations developed • Few towns and cities because of the agricultural lifestyle

5. Southern Society • Plantation owners were top of society • Small farmers (backcountry farmers) were most of the population • Subsistence farming – growing just enough to feed your family • Second class role of women • Indentured servants

6. Slavery in America • Slaves would replace Indians and indentured servants • Triangular Trade – America’s raw products to Europe, European finished products to Africa, African slaves (middle passage) to American colonies • Slave culture – dance and religion very important • Slave resistance – passive resistance

7. Industrial North • Diversified economy • Harsher weather conditions • Food exports • Lumber industry • Ship building • Iron making

8. Cities Develop • Most cities were port cities- • Boston, New York, Philadelphia • Urban problems – • Fire, clean water, waste, poverty

9. Immigration Concerns • Lots of different immigrant groups and religions • English, Germans, and Irish were largest groups • Resentment begins

10. Witch Trials • 1692 – Salem Massachusetts • Puritan community • Young girls accused people of being witches • The accused named other witches • Witches were often executed

11. Colonial Women • Few legal rights • Did many jobs on the farms of the region • Only single women could own property or run a business • Religion also helped to make women submit to men

12. Education • Rate of education higher in colonies than in England • Religious purposes • Establishment of universities – Harvard, Columbia, Princeton, Yale

13. Enlightenment • Promoted science, knowledge, and reason • Led to many discoveries • Benjamin Franklin • Also led to increasing education • Cotton Mather – helped inoculate (vaccinate) against small pox

14. Great Awakening • A revival of the Puritan faith • Jonathan Edwards • George Whitefield –challenged ministers’ authority and created tensions in congregations • “fire and brimstone” preachers • Led to the rapid growth of evangelical religions such as Baptists and Methodists

15. Philosopher • John Locke • Natural Rights • Life • Liberty • Property • Social Contract - An agreement between a people and their government to protect their rights

16. Seeds of Independence • Glorious Revolution in England • Salutary neglect – very loose supervision of the colonies • Lack of control led to self government • Religious, political, economic, and social freedoms