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IPv6 The Next Generation

IPv6 The Next Generation. Presented by Anna La Mura Jens Waldecker. Content - Overview. Situation IPv6 challenges IPv4 Header Comparison IPv4 - IPv6 Operation modes Unicast / Multicast / Anycast Addresses Notation Prefixes Autoconfiguration Compatibility / Tunneling.

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IPv6 The Next Generation

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  1. IPv6 The Next Generation Presented by Anna La Mura Jens Waldecker

  2. Content - Overview • Situation • IPv6 challenges IPv4 • Header • Comparison IPv4 - IPv6 • Operation modes • Unicast / Multicast / Anycast • Addresses • Notation • Prefixes • Autoconfiguration • Compatibility / Tunneling

  3. IPv4 – What’s wrong? • Insufficient address space • Subnetting and CIDR don't solve this problem in the long term • Router tables are getting too big • slowing down the connection speed • wastes bandwidth • But: traffic grows every day!

  4. IPv6 – Intention • 128 bit address space Þ 3.4 x 1038 IP’s • Can replace NAT with native P2P • Except NAT used for security reasons • Optimized for Stacking • Simplified header structure

  5. IPv4 – Header (length variable)

  6. IPv6 – Header (length fixed)

  7. IPv6 – Header extension

  8. IPv6 – Operation modes • Unicast • Single sender to single receiver • Global unique address • Peer to Peer connection • Multicast • Single sender to multiple receivers

  9. IPv6 – Operation modes • Anycast • Single sender to receiver group • IPv6 routes the message to the nearest of several possible gateway hosts • There packets are seen as if they were unicast. • Any one of them can manage the forwarding • Designed to let one host initiate the efficient updating of routing tables along the line.

  10. IPv6 – Addressing • Notation • Prefix • Subnetting • Address auto configuration • Multiaddressing

  11. IPv6 – Notation • Hexadecimal • 8 4-tuple with 2 bytes each, divided by „:“ • Groups of 0‘s can be written as :: (one time) • Leading 0‘s can be dropped • Examples: • 5F15:A1CD:1E34:5378:9AFC:18A4:5F78:8907 • 3FFE:645:879::371

  12. IPv6 – Addresses FP = format prefix TLA ID = top level aggregator RES = reserved NLA ID = next level aggregator SLA ID = side level aggregator

  13. IPv6 – Prefixes • Prefix length • „Value specifying the leftmost contiguous bits of the address comprise the prefix” • Compare with Subnetting in IPv4 • Example: prefix 12AB00000000CD3 • 12AB:0000:0000:CD30:0000:0000:0000:0000/60

  14. IPv6 – Prefixes • Do these addresses match prefix 12AB00000000CD3 ?? Why? • 12AB:0:0:CD3/60 • 12AB::CD30:0:0:0:0/60 • 12AB:0:0:CD30::/60 • 12AB::CD30/60

  15. IPv6 – Prefixes defined • Unspecified ::/128 • Loop back ::1/128 • Multicast FF00::/8 • Link-local unicast FE80::/10 • Site-local unicast FEC0::/10 • Global unicast Rest (Local addresses are not routed)

  16. IPv6 – Auto configuration • Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Auto configuration (RFC 3041) • Interface ID to identify an Interface to one link. (64 bit) • MAC Address: • 00-00-39-63-D0-F7 • Interface ID: • FE80::200:39FF:FE63:D0F7

  17. IPv6 – Auto configuration

  18. IPv6 – IPv4 Compatibility • IPv4 compatible addresses: • ::80.140.24.23 • Used for native IPv6 nodes • IPv4 mapped addresses: • ::FFFF:80.140.24.23 • Used for IPv4 nodes only • Don‘t appear on a connection

  19. IPv6 – Tunneling • Virtual Link between two IPv6 hosts via IPv4 • IPv6 Packet encapsulated in IPv4 Packets as Payload information • Nodes don‘t have to understand IPv6 • Reverse resolution supported

  20. IPv6 – End Of Presentation • [x] Any questions? Feel free to ask! • [x] Thanks for your Attention! • [x] Pause

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