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Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions. Types of Reactions. There are six types of chemical reactions we will talk about: Synthesis reactions (syn) Decomposition reactions (decomp) Single replacement reactions (SR) Double replacement reactions (DR) Combustion reactions (Comb)

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions

  2. Types of Reactions There are six types of chemical reactions we will talk about: • Synthesis reactions (syn) • Decomposition reactions (decomp) • Single replacement reactions (SR) • Double replacement reactions (DR) • Combustion reactions (Comb) • Oxidation-Reduction reactions (Redox)

  3. Synthesis Reactions(AKA Combination or Addition) Two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. reactant + reactant  1 product A + B  AB 2H2 + O2  2H2O C+ O2  CO2

  4. Synthesis Reactions

  5. Decomposition Reactions Compound breaks up into the elements or into a few simpler compounds 1 Reactant  Product + Product AB  A + B 2 H2O  2H2 + O2 2 HgO  2Hg + O2

  6. Decomposition Reactions

  7. Single Replacement or Displacement Reactions One element replaces another in a compound metal can replace a metal (+) OR nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-) element + compound product + product A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!)

  8. Single Replacement Reactions

  9. Single Replacement Reactions Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas NaCl(s) + F2(g)  NaF(s) + Cl2(g) Note that fluorine replaces chlorine in the compound Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq) Cu(s) + Al(NO3)3(aq) 2 2 3 2 3 2

  10. 4. Double Replacement Reactions • Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound • Compound + compound  product + product • AB + CD  AD + CB

  11. Double Replacement Reactions • Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together • Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) • Another example: K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s) 2

  12. 5. Combustion Reactions • Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. • This is also called burning!!! In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”:1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon)2) Oxygen to burn it with3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

  13. Combustion Reactions • In general: CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O • Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide) • Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)

  14. Combustion Reactions Edgar Allen Poe’s drooping eyes and mouth are potential signs of CO poisoning.

  15. Combustion • Example • C5H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O • Write the products and balance the following combustion reaction: • C10H22 + O2  8 5 6 31 20 11 22 2 10 CO2 + H2O

  16. Oxidation-Reduction • Many of these 5 types of reactions are also oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidation: Loss of electrons • Reduction: Gain of electrons

  17. You can’t have one… without the other! • Reduction (gaining electrons) can’t happen without an oxidation to provide the electrons. • You can’t have 2 oxidations or 2 reductions in the same equation. Reduction has to occur at the cost of oxidation LEO the lion says GER! ose lectrons xidation ain lectrons eduction GER!

  18. Another way to remember • OIL RIG s s eduction xidation ose ain

  19. Mixed Practice • State the type and balance the following reactions: • BaCl2 + H2SO4 • C6H12 + O2  • Zn + CuSO4  • Cs + Br2  • FeCO3  BaSO4 + HCl 2 6 6 CO2 + H2O 9 ZnSO4 + Cu 2 2 CsBr FeO + CO2

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