英语失分的分析及高分的对策

1. 2010年“网上名师辅导”专题讲座 英语失分的分析及高分的对策 主讲人：上海复旦附中 何幼平

2. 讲座主要内容 一.失分的原因分析 二.高分的对策 三. 阅读理解

3. I.失分的原因分析 • 1）语法概念模糊。 • e.g. (1)A man can never have too much money. (?) • 要点： can not (never) … too = • the more … the more • E.g. (2) ___ can be done has been done. • A. All what B. All • C. All that D. All the things • Key: C

4. 2)缺乏语感，受汉语思维干扰。 • E.g. 每个人都应该知道如何遵守交通规则，这样就可以避免很多交通事故。（obey) • Everybody should know how to obey the traffic rules, in this way many traffic accidents can be avoided. • (x) • … and thus many …

5. 3) 死记硬背，不考虑语境。 • E.g. （1) Tom broke ______ while washing up, which embarrassed him a lot. • A. a glass of milk B. a milk glass • C. a glass milk D. a milk’s glass • Key: B

6. E.g. (2) The doctor advised me to take this kind of medicine because it has some effect _____ getting down my high blood pressure. • A. on B. for • C. with D. of • Key: D

7. 4) 审题马虎，粗心错误。 • E.g. The weather may not be fine tomorrow, I’m afraid, in ____ case we’ll have to put off our school sports meeting. • A. that B. which • C. whose D. this • Key: B

8. 5) 词汇学习，只求表面，并未真正掌握。 • E.g.世界人口的增长对地球上的资源是个极大地消耗。( drain ) • ( ?）The increasing population in the world is a great drain to / of the resources on earth. • ( x ) • … a great drain on … • E.g. All this extra work was a drain on my energy / strength.

9. II.高分的对策及方法 • 方法1）清清楚楚一条线。 • （ 08年27题） • E.g. In my view, London’s not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ___ in traffic. • A. the most organized B. more organized • C. so organized as D. as organized as • Key: B • 要点: (1) 比较级 、 最高级的概念 • （2） so … as / as … as 的区别

10. (08年高考39题） • 概念题： • E.g. So much of interest ____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. • A. offers Beijing • B. Beijing offers • C. does Beijing • D. Beijing does offer • Key: C

11. (09年春考 35题） • Not once ___ his classmate David since they graduated from high school. • A. he has met B. has he met • C. he had met D. had he met • Key: B • 考点： (1) 倒装 • （2）时态

12. 方法2）不慌不忙, 看清题意。 • Don’t turn to your dictionary ____ you come across new words while reading. • A. since B. when • C. if D. every time • Key: D

13. Some people eat only tiny amounts of food and may have conditions ______ rob the body of the nutrients _____ needs to grow and stay healthy. • A. which … it B. that … that • C. where … that D. where … it • Key: A • 要点：1） 看清题意，分析语法。 • 2) rob sb. of sth. • 3) nutrients后省略了that, it指的是body。

14. 方法3）避免死记硬背,学会灵活运用。 • Only those _____ knew very well could be let in. • A. who B. that • C. she D. / • Key: C

15. What is the best way you think _____ the public transportation in the mountainous area? • A. of improving B. to improve • C. of to improve D. improve • Key: C

16. 方法4）不想当然，不犯粗心错误。 • E.g. ___ abroad for a trip can be a worthwhile experience to me. • A. Taken B. Taking • C. Being taken D. To take • key: C • 要点： （1）动名词作主语。 • （2）根据题意，被动。

17. In a certain desert, there grows one of these rootless higher plants, a bromeliad. It is a relative of the pineapple. Even if this plant had roots, they would be of no use, because where the plant grows, it never rains. The plant gets its water only from the dew（露水）it collects at night, when its leaves cool off. Such rootless plants, of course, can be moved with ease, but they will only grow when they are placed out in the open.

18. 1. The “bromeliad” is a plant that_______. • A. has useless roots • B. is a pineapple • C．can grow anywhere • D. takes up water through its leaves • Key: D

19. In Kansas at the turn of the century, Edwin and Amy Earhard doted on their active daughters, Amelia and Muriel. Edwin gave the girls footballs and rifles, while Amy shocked the community by dressing them in gym suits instead of skirts.

20. The underlined word“them” refers to _______. • A. Amelia and Muriel • B. Edwin and Amy • C. footballs and rifles • D. gym suits and skirts • Key: A

21. 分析阅读问答题 • 特点： • 1. 避免猜测而要真正读懂与理解。 • 2. 考查学生运用语言表达的能力。 • 3. 该类题型能拉开区分度，有一定的效 • 度。

22. 解题方法： • 1. 根据题目找准位置。 • 2. 回答问题不能超字。 • 3. 避免错误牢牢切记。 • 4. 没有必要完整句子。

23. For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they like. Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas, along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing. • 1. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions? • Key:Driving tests and pedestrian crossings

24. 阅读精讲

25. Swiss Re Tower is a typical example of green architecture in London, and what is most remarkable about this building is its energy efficiency. Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building. Green architecture is changing the way buildings are designed, built and run. • 1. Owing to its delicate design and advanced technology, Swiss Re Tower in London uses less energy than those traditional office buildings by . • 50%

26. Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass and steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems. • 2. Green architecture could date back to . • ( the energy crisis of) the 1970s

27. Going green saves money by reducing long term energy costs; a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparably conventional buildings. • 3. How can green architectures reduce expenditure? • By cutting / reducing long term energy costs

28. （They can bring us) economic benefits. / Working efficiency

29. III.阅读理解 • 1. 常见考点类型 • 1) 细节题 • 2) 词汇猜测题　 • 3) 主旨大意概括题　 • 4) 指代关系 • 5) 推理分析题 • 6) 观点评价题

30. 2. 做不好阅读的原因： • 1) 时间/速度问题 • 2) 词汇量有限 • 3) 理解偏差 • 4) 缺乏推理能力 • 5) 缺乏耐心或者走神 • 6) 主观意识太强

31. 3. 判断题目类型 • Americans believe that they can realize their personal value only _____. • A. when given equality of opportunity • B. through business • C. by protecting their individual freedom • D. by way of competition • （事实题）

32. One reason is that American view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. • Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power.

33. Americans believe that they can realize their personal value only _____. • A. when given equality of opportunity B. through business C. by protecting their individual freedom D. by way of competition • Key: D

34. 4. 技巧方法介绍 • 1) 训练中不要过分依赖词典，学会猜测。 • 2) 忌讳逐字细读，避免求快马虎。 • （掌握适当速度,包括跳读与扫读。Skimming and scanning） • 3) 抓住关键信息，忽略无关信息。 • 4) 有些文章可以先看题目再去寻找答案。

35. 5) 选择答案一定要有依据并在文中最好标出，以备复查确认。 • 6) 多多积累单词，越多越好。 • 7) 把阅读当成家常便饭，每天投入一定的时间。

36. Conclusion • Success in study calls for much hard work. • There is no substitute for hard work. • --- Thomas Edison

37. Thank you