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ALTITUDE

ALTITUDE. PHYSIOLOGY. OUTLINE. Classifications of Hypoxia Signs and symptoms of Hypoxia Stages of Hypoxia Prevention of Hypoxia Provisions of AR 95-1 Provisions of AR 40-8. REFERENCES. FM 1-301, Aeromedical Training for Flight Personnel, May 1987

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ALTITUDE

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  1. ALTITUDE PHYSIOLOGY

  2. OUTLINE Classifications of Hypoxia Signs and symptoms of Hypoxia Stages of Hypoxia Prevention of Hypoxia Provisions of AR 95-1 Provisions of AR 40-8

  3. REFERENCES FM 1-301, Aeromedical Training for Flight Personnel, May 1987 AR 95-1, Flight Regulations, september 1997 AR 40-8, Temporary Flying Restrictions Due to Exogenous Factors

  4. Hypoxia State of oxygen [O2] deficiency in the blood cells and tissues sufficient to cause impairment of function.

  5. Types of Hypoxia • Hypemic • Stagnant • Histotoxic • Hypoxic

  6. HypemicHypoxia Inability of the blood to accept oxygen in adequate amounts + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

  7. Stagnant Hypoxia adequate oxygen Reduced blood flow Blood moving slowly Red blood cells not replenishing tissue needs fast enough

  8. Histotoxic Hypoxia Inability of the cell to accept or use oxygen adequate oxygen Red blood cells retain oxygen Poisoned tissue

  9. Hypoxic Hypoxia Reduced pO2 in the lungs (high altitude) Red blood cells Body tissue

  10. HypoxiaSymptoms Subjective: Feel Air hunger Hot and Cold Flashes Apprehension Euphoria Fatigue Belligerence Nausea Blurred vision Headache Numbness Dizziness Tingling Denial

  11. HypoxiaSigns Objective: See Hyperventilation Cyanosis Mental confusion Poor Judgment Lack of muscle coordination

  12. Stages of Hypoxia • Indifferent Stage • Compensatory Stage • Disturbance Stage • Critical Stage

  13. Indifferent Stage • Altitudes Air: 0 - 10,000 FEET • Symptoms: decrease in night vision @ 4000 feet

  14. Compensatory Stage • Altitudes Air : 10,000 - 15,000 FEET • Symptoms: impaired efficiency drowsiness poor judgment decreased coordination

  15. CAUTION! Failure to recognize symptoms and take corrective action may result in an aircraft mishap

  16. Disturbance Stage • Altitudes Air: 15,000 - 20,000 FEET

  17. Sensory Vision Touch & pain Hearing Disturbance Stagesymptoms

  18. Mental Memory Judgment Reliability Understanding Disturbance Stagesymptoms

  19. Personality Happy Drunk versus the Mean Drunk Disturbance Stagesymptoms

  20. Performance Coordination Flight Control Speech Handwriting Disturbance Stagesymptoms

  21. Time off Oxygen 1 minute 2 minutes 3 minutes 4 minutes 5 minutes 6 minutes put back on oxygen

  22. CAUTION! Failure to recognize symptoms and take corrective action may result in an aircraft mishap

  23. Signs Hyperventilation Cyanosis Disturbance Stage

  24. Critical Stage • Altitudes Air: 20,000 FEET and above • Symptoms: loss of conscious ness convulsions death

  25. WARNING! 65% When hemoglobin saturation falls to serious cellular dysfunction occurs; and if prolonged, can cause death WARNING!

  26. Pressure altitude Rate of ascent Time at altitude Temperature Physical activity Individual factors Physical fitness Self-imposed stresses Factors modifying hypoxia symptoms

  27. it’s a no brainer! Drugs Alcohol Tobacco Exhaustion Hypoglycemia keep self imposed stresses out of the aircraft

  28. B U Z Z alcohol 2000 feet 1 ounce =

  29. Expected Performance Times FL 430 & above 9-12 seconds FL 400 15 - 20 seconds FL 350 30 - 60 seconds FL 300 1 - 2 minutes FL 280 2 1/2 - 3 minutes FL 250 3 - 5 minutes FL 220 8 - 10 minutes FL 180 20 - 30 minutes

  30. Expected performance time for a crew member flying in a pressurized cabin is reduced approximately one-half following loss of pressurization such as in a: RD rapid decompression

  31. Prevention limit time at altitude breathing oxygen pressurized cabin Hypoxia

  32. Treatment oxygen descend to a safe altitude Hypoxia

  33. AR 95-1Altitude Restrictions and Oxygen Requirements Supplemental Oxygen Required Unpressurized 14,000 30 Min Total 1 Hour Total 12,000 10,000 Pressurized Crew O2 masks readily available 25,000 10 Min Supply of O2 for all occupants 14,000 10,000 Maintain Cabin PA at or below 10,000

  34. AR 95-1Altitude Restrictions and Oxygen Requirements • If pressurization is lost above 14,000’, an immediate descent will be made to a cabin pressure altitude of 10,000’ or below. • Then unpressurized restrictions apply

  35. AR 40-8Flight Restrictions Due to Exogenous Factors • Flying duty is prohibited for 24 hours after SCUBA diving • Aircrew members will not be regular blood donors. • After blood donation, aircrew members will be restricted from flying for 72 hours • Performance of flying duty is prohibited for 12 hours after any altitude chamber flight

  36. Questions?

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