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Architetture dei nuovi calcolatori

Architetture dei nuovi calcolatori. dopo von Neumann i chipset alcuni esempi funzionali la scheda madre terminologie, sigle. CHIPSET e MICROPROCESSORI. dopo von Neumann (1). Parallelismo anche nell’accesso ai dispositivi esterni alla CPU bus per l’accesso alla memoria

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Architetture dei nuovi calcolatori

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  1. Architetturedei nuovi calcolatori • dopo von Neumann • i chipset • alcuni esempi funzionali • la scheda madre • terminologie, sigle CHIPSET e MICROPROCESSORI

  2. dopo von Neumann (1) • Parallelismo anche nell’accesso ai dispositivi esterni alla CPU • bus per l’accesso alla memoria • bus per l’accesso all’I/O • Decentramento delle operazioni standard • sottoprocessore per il video • sottoprocessore per la gestione dell’I/O

  3. dopo von Neumann (2) MEMORIA I/O CPU prima fase seconda fase MEMORIA I/O I/O slave- processor CPU memory slave- processor

  4. I chipset • racchiudono tutta la logica di controllo di un PC, e ne governano i flussi di informazioni • se la CPU è il cervello di un calcolatore, il chipset ne rappresenta il cuore • il chipset si divide a livello logico in: • Northbridge (interfaccia CPU memoria) • Southbridge (interfaccia CPU I/O)

  5. Schema funzionale northbridge SRAM cache L2/L3 EDO DRAM SDRAM RDRAM AGP (2x/4x) CPU ISA EIDE AC97 southbridge IDE ATA 66 PIO/SIO PCI USB

  6. Pentium II / III esempio Intel 820 per Pentium III system bus 66/100/133 MHz 1 GBps Rambus 1 GBps AGP 4x northbridge MCH 82820 RDRAM 1,6 GBps PCI bus 266 MBps 66 MBps southbridge ICH 82801 IDE ATA 66 slot PCI 133 MBps firmware hub FCW 82802 AC 97 SIO – PIO – USB – PS/2

  7. transfer rate

  8. sigle e caratteristiche CPU • PCI, bus di I/O a 32 bit a 33 MHz • ISA, bus di I/O a 16 bit a 8 MHz • AGP, (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus grafico a 32 bit a 66, 133 o 266 MHz

  9. Pentium II / III Pentium II / III esempio Intel 840 per Pentium III system bus 66/100/133 MHz 1 GBps 2xRambus 1 GBps AGP 4x northbridge MCH 82840 RDRAM 3,2 GBps PCI bus 533 MBps 266 MBps slot PCI 64 bit 66 MBps southbridge ICH 82801 IDE ATA 66 slot PCI 133 MBps firmware hub FCW 82802 AC 97 SIO – PIO – USB – PS/2

  10. BEDOBurst Enhanced Data-Out RAM DRAMDynamic RAM (60, 70, 80 nS) SDRAMSynchronous Dynamic RAM (8, 10, 12 nS) RDRAMrambus DRAM con clock a 400, 600, 800 MHz DIMMDual In-Line Memory Module (168 pin/64 bit) Slot 1 connettore per Pentium 2 in modulo Socket 4 socket ZIF per Pentium a 5 V Socket 7 socket ZIF stndard per molte CPU Socket 8 socket ZIF stndard per Pentium pro MCH Memory controller Hub ICH I/O Controller Hub FWH Firmware Hub terminologie varie

  11. AMD 750 MHz esempio AMD K7 Athlon system bus 200 MHz 1,6 GBps PC 100 AGP 2x northbridge AMD-751 SDRAM 800 MBps 532 MBps PCI bus 133 MBps slot PCI southbridge AMD-756 ATA 66 MBps slot ISA SIO – PIO – USB – PS/2

  12. slot AGP Porte di I/O slot PCI slot CPU chipset northbridge slot ISA memory socket BIOS FDD, IDE connector chipset southbridge batteria

  13. Scheda madre ASUS per K7 AMD – Athlon • clock: 500-750 MHz (system bus a 200 MHz) • 5 slot PCI • 1 slot ISA • 1 slot AMR • 1 slot AGP (2x) • 3 slot DIMM (32-768 MB) • 2 ser + 2 PS/2 + • 2 par (ECP,EPP,SPP) • AC97 • 2 x IDE UltraDMA 66/33 • 4 USB • Game/Mic-in/Line-in/Line-out

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