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Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Sexual and Asexual Reproduction. Sexual reproduction is when two parents pass on genes to the offspring. The reproduction results in genetic diversity. Sexual reproduction involves the fusing of two gametes. Gametes are sex cells, the sperm and the egg.

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Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

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  1. Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

  2. Sexual reproduction is when two parents pass on genes to the offspring. The reproduction results in genetic diversity. Sexual reproduction involves the fusing of two gametes. Gametes are sex cells, the sperm and the egg. The gametes carry genes, this means that an offspring will get half of each parents genes.

  3. In humans, a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes fuses with an egg cell with 23 chromosomes to produce a zygote with 46 chromosomes. Zygote is a fertilized egg. DNA or genetic make-up can only be inherited through the sex cells.

  4. Many plants reproduce sexually. Flowers are the reproductive structures for the flowering plants. They have both male and female structures that are involved in producing seeds Flowering plants rely on insects, birds and the wind to assist with pollination

  5. Stamen (male) surrounding the pistil (female) Pollen from the anther moves down the pistil where it fertilizes the ovum and produces seeds

  6. Asexual reproduction requires only one parent. The offspring are genetically identical.

  7. Types of Asexual ReproductionRegeneration uses cell division to re-grow body parts (star fish) Budding a new organism grows from the body of the parent (potatoes)Binary Fissionis a separation of the body into two new bodies, an organism duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two parts with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA (bacteria)

  8. Genetics

  9. Who was Gregor Mendel? Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science As a boy he could predict the possible types of flowers and fruits that would result from crossbreeding two plants in his father’s garden

  10. Who was Gregor Mendel? Curiosity about the connection between the color of a pea flower and the type of seed that same plant produced inspired him to begin experimenting with garden peas in 1856. Made careful use of scientific methods, which resulted in the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

  11. What is GENETICS? The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of genes.

  12. What is a GENE? The material that controls which traits are expressed in an organism Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent It is a segment of DNA located on each chromosomes in the nucleus.

  13. HEREDITY The passing of traits from parent to offspring

  14. List the 3 Principles of Heredity Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes An allele’s effect is dominant or recessive When a pair of chromosomes separate during meiosis the different alleles for a trait move into separate sex cells

  15. ALLELE The different forms of a trait that a gene may have

  16. TRAIT Ways of looking, thinking, or being Traits that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to offspring

  17. RECESSIVE A trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear Hidden when the other copy of the gene contains the dominant allele. A recessive allele shows up only when there is no dominant allele present Shown with a lower-case letter

  18. DOMINANT A trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait Trait that always shows up, even when only one of the two alleles is in the dominant form Shown by a capital letter

  19. HOMOZYGOUS Both alleles [forms of the gene] are the same When offspring inherit two dominant genes, (one dominant gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous dominant When offspring inherit two recessive genes, (one recessive gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous recessive

  20. HETEROZYGOUS When alleles occur in different forms When offspring inherit one dominant gene and one recessive gene, they are said to be heterozygous Since the dominant gene will be expressed, they are said to be heterozygous dominant

  21. CO-DOMINANCE When an organism has two different alleles for a gene that does not follow the dominant/recessive pattern The organism shows a trait that is a blend of the traits represented by the two alleles Also called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

  22. GENOTYPE An organism's genetic makeup

  23. PHENOTYPE Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism

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