Exploring Various Approaches in Developing SPIS

1. Exploring Various Approaches in Developing SPIS

2. Session Objectives • To understand various approaches in developing SPIS • To understand the use of various methods, techniques, processes, and procedures in those approaches • To understand various SPIS implementation in many areas

3. Session Agenda • The meaning of: Approach, Methodology, Method, and Technique in SPIS • Critiques to SPIS Methodologies • Various SPIS Methodologies • The Use of Methods, Techniques, Process, and Procedures in a Methodology

4. The meaning of: Approach, Methodology, Method, and Technique in SPIS • Approach: Ideas or actions intended to deal with a problem or situation; • "his approach to every problem is to draw up a list of pros and cons"; • Methodology: A formalized approach of doing something, applied to a specific branch of knowledge. • Method: a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps) • Technique: The systematic procedure by which a complex or scientific task is accomplished. • Techniques and methods are used in a methodology (part of methodology)

5. Critiques to SPIS Methodology • Inefficiency of IT investment has been recognized the blame goes to lack of SPIS • IT manager alone can not established the SPIS, hence a more comprehensive IT plan is needed • The coverage of SPIS methodology • Inconsistency of SPIS methodology due to various natures of organization, etc. • Lack of agreed depthness of SPIS • Lack of agreed organization coverage for SPIS

6. Various business areas where SPIS is needed • Education Industry • Fast moving industry due to globalization • Competitors are going global • Various products and services • Complex internal business processes • Manufacturing Industry • Supply-chain management • Customer Management • Robust production, accounting, and marketing systems • Tourism Industry • Improve customer services • Improve images (security, coordination, etc) • Involve a lot of stakeholders (travel agent, restaurant, hotels, etc) • Much more….

7. Different Nature of Various Business Areas That Leads to Different SPIS Settings • Characteristics of each organization may be differ in nature • Size of the organizations are varies in term of number of employees, number of division, and length of hierarchy, etc. • Specificity core business of each organization • Corporate culture or value system of an organization may be unique • Environmental setting is different • Internal and external forces may differ among organizations • Etc.

8. Various SPIS Methodologies 1. Ward dan Peppard 2. James Martin 3. Be Vissta Planning 4. Tozer 5. Wetherbe 6. Josip Brumec

9. Characteristics of A Methodology • Different methodology may have different approach (different steps) • Each methodology may stressed one or more certain aspects whilst other stressed one or more different aspects • Each methodology may employ different method, technique, process, procedure, tools, etc • Certain methodology may be more suitable in one organization as compare to other organization. (Why?) • Certain organization may need a modified methodology of SPIS to be employed.

10. External Business Environment External IS/IT Environment Internal Business Environment Internal IS/IT Environment IS/IT STRATEGY PROCESS Current Application Portfolio Business IS Strategy IS/IT Management Strategy IT Strategy Future Application Portfolio Ward & Peppard’s Methodology

11. TAHAP ANALISIS TAHAP PERANCANGAN 1. Tinjauan Model Perusahaan 2. Analisis Strategi Bisnis 3. Analisis Sasaran dan Masalah 4. Analisis CSF 5. Analisis Dampak Teknologi 6. Pandangan Strategis Sistem 7. Evaluasi Sistem Saat ini 1.Pembuatan Arsitektur Informasi 2. Pembuatan Matriks Fungsional 3. Pembuatan Jaringan Infrastruktur & aturan 4. Pembuatan ERD James Martin’s Methodology

12. DETERMINE BUSINESS and INFORMATIONS NEEDS Pre renstra, Identifikasi informasi organisasi, Analisis internal/eksternal bisnis organisasi, Analisis internal/eksternal S/TI organisasi DEFINE IS TARGETS Identifikasi: Masalah & solusi bisnis internal, Peluang bisnis dari eksternal organisasi, Pemanfaatan S/TI dari lingkungan eksternal organisasi, Analisis GAP Kebutuhan Informasi, Membuat: Landasan kebijakan S/TI, Strategi S/TI, Prinsip dasar / landasan bagi operasional strategi S/TI, Strategi manjemen S/TI DEFINE and SELECT IS STRATEGY Menggali value bisnis, Prioritas dan pemilihan strategi S/TI, Pendetilan strategi S/TI DEVELOP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Membuat Rencana Pendukung Strategi S/TI, PembuatanJadwal Waktu Kerja, Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Be Vissta Planning Methodology

13. FASE-0 :Menentukan Konteks dan Ruang Lingkup FASE-1 :Menentukan Informasi Bisnis & Kebutuhan Pendukung Persiapan Pengumpulan Informasi, Menentukan informasi Bisnis & Pendukungnya FASE-2:Mengevaluasi Kesesuaian Sistem dengan Kebutuhan Bisnis Saat ini & Mengidentifikasi Pilihan Solusi Mengevaluasi Aplikasi dan Kondisi Teknis saat ini, Membangun Arsitektur Informasi, Membuat Pilihan Awal Untuk Solusi Strategis, Membangun Kasus Bisnis untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bisnis FASE-3: Menentukan Solusi Strategis Identifikasi dan Memulai Kegiatan yang Mendesak, Menentukan solusi aplikasi dan database, Evaluasi kondisi TI, Pengembangan Kasus Bisnis FASE-4:Menyiapkan dan Melakukan Rencana Implementasi Menyiapkan Rencana Teknis Proyek Aplikasi dan Database,Mempersiapkan Rencana Pengembangan SDM dan Organisasi, Menyusun dan Menyeimbangkan Kasus-kasus Bisnis dengan semua Pengembangan, Menampilkan Rencana dan Mengatur Implementasinya Tozer’s Methodology

14. Perencanaan Strategis IT Analisis Kebutuhan Informasi Alokasi Sumber Daya S/TI Perencanaan Proyek 1. Business System Planning 2. Strategic of IT Growth 3. End/Mean Analysis 4. Critical Sucsess Factor Wetherbe’s Methodology

15. Josip Brumec: Meta Model

16. Meta-Model: The Result of SPIS Should Be A Documented Project That Includes: • Business process models for an existing and reengineered organisation, • Business data models, • Models of programs and procedures, • Technical resources models, • A development activity plan for new IS

17. Bisnis Proses Dalam Hirarki Organisasi Menerapkan Arahan Strategis: Cost Leadership Product Leadership Market Leadership Top Executive Memonitor proses yang efektif & efisien dalam setiap pelayanan. Melaksanakan system anggaran yang fleksibel. Mengusulkan program kegiatan tepat guna Managerial (Berbagai Bidang) Melaksanakan layanan yang prima Melakukan perekaman data yang akurat Operational

18. Peran SI Target Area Aplikasi Target Aplikasi Target Prioritas Apl. Bisnis Proses Analisis Kesenjangan Dukungan Data Visi, Misi RSMM Indikator Sukses Kerangka Teknologi Kerangka Organisasi Kerangka PSSI: RSMM Rencana Strategis Kegiatan-2 Implementasi Strategis Strategi SI Kerangka pengelolaan TI Program pengembangan Program Pengembangan TI

19. Grand Design Sistem Informasi Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) • Structure Document • Sejarah Singkat Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) • Organisasi KPU • Metodologi • Perencanaan Strategis SI KPU • Visi • Misi • Values • Tujuan • Sasaran • Gambaran Umum Kondisi TI Saat Ini • Strategi • Program Strategis • Road Map Implementasi • Analisis SI/TI KPU • Target Protofolio aplikasi • SDM • Security • Budget

20. Example of SPIS in Education Industry • The University of Colorado at Boulder • 2002 Information Technology Strategic Planning Report • Document structure • Acknowledgments • Executive Summary • IT Strategic Planning Process • 2002 IT Strategic Vision • Current Situation (Trends) • Chapter 1: Educational Technology • Chapter 2: Web-based Services • Chapter 3: Network and Middleware • Chapter 4: Central Services • Chapter 5: Leadership, Coordination, and Governance of IT • Evaluation Matrix • Financials – Top Recommendations • Appendices

21. Common Characteristics of SPIS Methodology (modified from Josip Brumec) • The starting point of SPIS methodology is an analysis of the present business system and a definition of its future and goals; • Examines the function areas where new IT could make the best contribution to the efficiency of business processes; • Present an evaluation of the effects of the new IS on future business processes. This evaluation should be performed on a simulation model before starting the long-term and complex project of maintaining the IS. • Controls and confirms the effects of investment in the new IS/IT.

22. SPIS Methodology and its Connection Methods and Techniques (1)

25. Q/A • How do methodologies to develop SPIS differ from one to another? • How do methods, techniques, processes, and procedures are used in a SPSI methodology? • Names several methods, techniques that you are familiar with, and explain how to use them.