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El Paso Air Quality Trends

El Paso Air Quality Trends. Provided by the Joint Advisory Committee for Air Quality Improvement in the Paso del Norte Airshed. 1999 - 2007. El Paso & Juarez Area Sites. Emissions Inventories. Summarize air quality emissions by pollutant type and source.

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El Paso Air Quality Trends

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  1. El Paso Air Quality Trends Provided by the Joint Advisory Committee for Air Quality Improvement in the Paso del Norte Airshed 1999 - 2007

  2. El Paso & Juarez Area Sites

  3. Emissions Inventories Summarize air quality emissions by pollutant type and source

  4. El Paso Area Emissions2005 Emissions Inventory Total NOx: 56 tpd Total VOC: 52 tpd

  5. PM in El Paso

  6. 24-Hour PM 2.5 Design Value 24-Hour PM 2.5 NAAQS* = 35 mg/m3 Data Source: Mark Schmidt, Air Quality and Trend Analysis, US EPA *To exceed the 24-Hour PM 2.5 NAAQS, the design value must be greater than or equal to 36 mg/m3. **The design values were calculated from incomplete data sets and cannot be used to compare to the NAAQS. ***The El Paso Sun Metro site is exempt from the NAAQS and is used here only for trend purposes.

  7. Annual PM 2.5 Design Values Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS* = 15.0 mg/m3 Data Source: Mark Schmidt, Air Quality and Trend Analysis, US EPA *To exceed the Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS, the design value must be greater than or equal to 15.1 mg/m3. **The design values were calculated from incomplete data sets and cannot be used to compare to the NAAQS. ***The El Paso Sun Metro site is exempt from the NAAQS and is used here only for trend purposes.

  8. *PM 2.5 Design Values from Mark Schmidt of the EPA.

  9. *PM 2.5 Design Values from Mark Schmidt of the EPA.

  10. Data includes natural event days that are not used to determine the design value.

  11. 24-Hour PM 10 Design Value 24-Hour PM 10 NAAQS* = 150 mg/m3 Data Source: Mark Schmidt, Air Quality and Trend Analysis, US EPA *To exceed the 24-Hour PM 10 NAAQS, the design value must be greater than or equal to 155 mg/m3. **Design values include natural event days.

  12. Ozone In El Paso

  13. El Paso Eight-Hour Ozone Trends

  14. Eight-Hour Ozone Design Value Eight-Hour Ozone NAAQS* = 80 ppb Data Source: EPA’s AQS Database *To exceed the Eight-Hour Ozone NAAQS, the design value must be greater than or equal to 85 ppb. **Design Values from 2005-2007 are estimates and are subject to change.

  15. Carbon Monoxide in EP

  16. Eight-Hour CO Design Values

  17. Exceedence LimitsUS – 9.5 ppmMX – 11 ppm

  18. Community Air Toxics Monitoring NetworkCATMN

  19. Community Air Toxics Monitoring Network • 5 sites in El Paso (Womble, Ascarate, Chamizal, Sun Metro, UTEP), earliest in 1993, authorized by Legislature. • Some 88 targeted VOC species. • Mission: to determine potential community exposure & long-term health effects, to identify sources of targeted compounds, and to assess trends. • Quality objectives = 95% confidence intervals: • Detection limit (DL) generally < 0.5 ppbV • +/- 25% precision (reproducibility) • +/- 30% accuracy (% difference to standard) • 75% minimum data return per quarter

  20. Annual ESL = 1 ppbV

  21. Annual ESL = 5 ppbV

  22. PAH Sampling Network • PAH = Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon, large ring aromatic hydrocarbons. Exist in urban air in gaseous or aerosol phase from combustion processes. • Samples taken with PUF sampler, 24-hour integrated sampling at Sun Metro (481410053). • PAH levels are compared to ESLs. • Highest species concentrations Phenanthrene & Pyrene. • Method changes make trends not meaningful. • Quality objectives = 95% confidence intervals: • Detection limit (DL) variable, up to 0.4 ng/m3 • +/- 30% precision (reproducibility) • +/- 50% accuracy (% difference to standard) • 80% minimum data return per quarter

  23. PAH Phenanthrene Comparisons Annual means Units in ng/m3 Sun Metro/QA Laredo/QA Brownsville Edinburg Mission Annual ESL: 50ng/m3 Notes: 2003 has 1st quarter only. Method change in 2003 led to higher sample recovery, thus trend not meaningful.

  24. Annual ESL: 50ng/m3

  25. Annual ESL: 50ng/m3

  26. PAMS (Auto-GC & Carbonyl) Network Data used to understand O3 formation, track VOC, NOx EIs, trends, and nonattainment. Further: • Assess feasibility & need for long-term or extensive toxic or photochemical monitoring. • Identify & track hazardous compounds & identify sources. • Are pollutants contributing factor to health problems? • Assess temporal variations of pollutants • Track point, mobile, area, biogenic sources. • Identify trends. • Provide database to plan, develop, evaluate & diffusion models & control strategies.

  27. Carbonyl Details • Carbonyls = oxygenated hydrocarbons C1-C9 • 24-hour integrated samples, 16 species reported • Quality objectives = 95% confidence intervals: • Detection limit (DL) 0.01-0.06 ppbV • +/- 25% precision (reproducibility) • +/- 30% accuracy (% difference to standard) • 75% minimum data return per quarter

  28. Chamizal Carbonyl Findings • Formaldehyde (HCHO) has highest levels, followed by Acetone & Acetylene. • Levels comparable to other cities in TX. • Trends appear to be flat. • Levels below ESL. • Following graphs show results of every 6th day sampling with a moving spline fit. • Later graphs compare Chamizal to other cities.

  29. Carbonyl every 6th day

  30. Carbonyl every 6th day II Short-term ESL = 12 ppbV

  31. Carbonyl every 6th day III Acetaldehyde Short-term ESL = 50 ppbV Acetone ST ESL = 2500 ppbV

  32. Carbonyl every 6th day IV

  33. Quarterly Mean HCHO in Texas Units in ppbV Houston-Clinton Dr. Houston-Deer Park Houston-Haden Rd. Houston-Channelview Fort Worth-NW El Paso-Chamizal Dallas-Hinton Dr. Long-term ESL = 1.2 ppbV

  34. Auto-GC Details • Species = O3 precursor hydrocarbons C1-C10 • 40 min. sample each hour, 45 species reported • Quality objectives = 95% confidence intervals: • Detection limit (DL) 0.05-0.60 ppbC (note units) • +/- 20% precision (reproducibility at DL) • +/- 25% accuracy (% difference to standard) • 75% minimum data return per quarter

  35. Auto-GC Findings • Trends for toxics (Benzene & 1,3 Butadiene appear to be downward. (RFG?) • Following graphs show annual means for B & 1,3 B. (B trend is stat. signif., 1,3 B not) • Subsequent graphs show variability by wind direction… look at ratio w Acetylene, a tracer for vehicle exhaust, see constant levels. • Conclusion: motor vehicles main source of HCs.

  36. Auto-GC Toxics Trends 1997-2002 annual mean 1,3 Butadiene, units in ppbC 1995-2002 annual mean Benzene, units in ppbC

  37. Mean HCs by WDR ppb-C

  38. HCs Ratio to C2H2 Ratio Propane & Ethane from nat. gas, others from exhaust

  39. Conclusions • Monitoring helps: • Assess human exposure to air pollutants and air toxics • Findings show some need for more attention • Assess trends related to pollution controls • Arrest concerns that may exist about potential exposures

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