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Cells Capture and Release Energy

Cells Capture and Release Energy. Chapter 2.2C. Warm-up—COPY!!!. The Sun provides much of the energy needed for ALL living things. How? Describe the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplasts. Where would a plant store energy?

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Cells Capture and Release Energy

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  1. Cells Capture and Release Energy Chapter 2.2C

  2. Warm-up—COPY!!! • The Sun provides much of the energy needed for ALL living things. How? • Describe the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplasts. • Where would a plant store energy? • What is one of the main activities that take place in mitochondria? Does this happen in a plant or an animal cell? • How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration “complement” each other? • What are the two main types of fermentation and what are their products? • Why do your muscles burn when you exercise?

  3. All Cells Need Energy • Plant cells—energy from sunlight • Animal cells—energy from food • Chemical energy—stored in bonds between atoms of every molecule • Major source of energy is stored in a sugar molecule called glucose

  4. Photosynthesis • Plants change the energy absorbed from the sun into the chemical energy in glucose • Chlorophyll (pigment found in chloroplasts) traps the energy in sunlight • Carbon dioxide from air, water from soilenergy from sunlight changes CO2 and H2O into…glucose and oxygen (oxygen expelled as waste, glucose used for energy)

  5. Glucose is used as well as stored • Stored glucose links together to form a starch, which can later be broken back down to form glucose for energy

  6. All Cells Release Energy • When the bonds of a sugar molecule are broken down, energy is released that can be used by the cell • Two basic processes: cellular respiration and fermentation

  7. Cellular Respiration • Takes place in mitochondria • Sugars and oxygenglucose in cytoplasm is broken down releasing energy; after moving into the mitochondria, oxygen also enters in, combining with hydrogen to make waterenergy, carbon dioxide and water

  8. Fermentation • (Eukaryotic) Cells release energy without oxygen • Two main types: alcoholic and lactic acid • Products of alcoholic fermentation: • Bread • Products of lactic acid fermentation: • Yogurt • Cheese • Sourdough bread

  9. Exercise • During prolonged exercise, your body uses all of its energy and oxygen, then relies on fermentation to break down sugars • When your cells use fermentation, it can cause a burning sensation in your muscles • After resting and breathing hard (taking in more oxygen), your muscles are able to finish releasing energy and store more energy to use for next time

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