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NP 1 thru 6 Slides

Delve into the world of nuclear physics with pioneers Marie and Pierre Curie, Lord Rutherford of Nelson, and more. Learn about the latest advancements and technologies, from the Island of Stability to neutron cross-sections, and discover how they impact our lives.

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NP 1 thru 6 Slides

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  1. NP 1 thru 6 Slides

  2. Nuclear Physics Pioneers Marie and Pierre Curie The Lord Rutherford of Nelson J. J. Thomson

  3. Line of stability • Fig 43.4. Pg 1337 of Knight

  4. Theoretical Island of Stability • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Island-of-Stability.png

  5. Binding energy curve • Fig 43.6 – Page 1339 of Knight

  6. Nuclear Potential Energy • Fig 43.8. Page 1340 of Knight

  7. Liquid Drop Model Prediction of BE • HarrisPage489Fig11.16

  8. Nuclear Shell Model States • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/shell.html

  9. Shell Model Prediction • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_shell_model#Predicted_magic_numbers

  10. Neutrino Detector • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sudbury_sno.jpg The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a 12-meter sphere filled with heavy water surrounded by light detectors located 2000 meters below the ground in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

  11. Video of Cloud Chamber • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/Cloud_chamber.ogg

  12. Photomultiplier Tube • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier

  13. Gamma Spectrum of Uranium ore

  14. Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber • http://universe-review.ca/I15-02-wirecounter.jpg

  15. Table of Isotopes • Exploring the Table of Isotopes • ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm • May 22, 2000 – [Nuclide data only, extensive listing of nuclides] Provides isotope data for almost all known nuclides. From Berkeley Laboratory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides_%28complete%29

  16. Alpha Decay Energies and Decay Times HarrisTable6.1

  17. Beta Decay Energy Spectrum • Fig 11.19. Page 494 of Harris

  18. Decay Series of U • Fig 43.24. Page 1353 of Knight

  19. 238U and 232Th Decay Series • From Harris

  20. Cobalt-60 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt-60 The activated nickel nucleus emits two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV,

  21. Dating Methods http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

  22. K-Ar Dating. Decay Modes http://www.geo.arizona.edu/~reiners/geos474-574/Kelley2002.pdf

  23. Relative Biological Effectiveness • Table 43.4. Page 1354 of Knight

  24. MRI Image of Lungs • Fig 43.37. Page 1357 of Knight

  25. Substances for Medical Radioactive Tracers

  26. CT-Scan. 3D image • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ct-workstation-neck.jpg

  27. 235U cross section as function of neutron Energy • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_cross-section

  28. Radon Testing • 22286 Rn ½ life: 3.8days • Builds up from the natural decay of uranium that is found in nearly all soils. In tight basement, the radon gas does not escape, so levels build up. • Radon levels of 4 picocuries per liter, or pCi/L, or higher require remediation. • Testing done with "Charcoal canisters," "alpha track," "electret ion chamber," "continuous monitors," and "charcoal liquid scintillation" detectors and many others – Kits are sold.

  29. 222Rn Decay Chain • http://www.awi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Research/Research_Divisions/Geosciences/Marine_Geochemistry/natural_radionuclides/238Udc.pdf

  30. Lucas Cell – One type of Rn Detector • A Lucas cell is a type of scintillationparticle detector. It is used to grab a gas sample, filter out the radioactive particulates through a special filter and then count the radioactive decay. It is frequently used to measure radon gas concentrations. The inside of the gas chamber is coated with silver-activated zinc sulfide or ZnS(Ag) that scintillates or shines when struck by alpha particles. A photomultiplier tube at the top of the chamber counts the photons and sends the count to the data logger or counter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_cell

  31. Rn numerical example • To convert from Bq/m3 to pCi/L, divide by 37 • Do example: A home was found to have 40 pCi/L of Radon activity – The source of the Radon was removed. How long do you have to wait for the activity to decrease to the allowed level of 4 pCi/L?

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