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Wood Energy in Finland

Wood Energy in Finland. Contents Renewable energy and EU’s climate and energy package National targets for wood energy Actions to promote wood energy Forests in Finland What are wood fuels Wood energy and energy management in Finland Case: Heat entrepreneurship

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Wood Energy in Finland

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  1. Wood Energy in Finland

  2. Contents • Renewable energy and EU’s climate and energy package • National targets for wood energy • Actions to promote wood energy • Forests in Finland • What are wood fuels • Wood energy and energy management in Finland • Case: Heat entrepreneurship • Case: Wood energy in large scale heat and power production • Sustainable development and wood energy

  3. EU’s climate and energy package The EU's climate and energy policy sets the following ambitious targets for 2020: 1. cutting greenhouse gases by at least 20% of 1990 levels (30% if other developed countries commit to comparable cuts) 2. increasing use of renewables(wind, solar, biomass, etc) to 20% of total energy production (currently ± 8.5%) 3. cutting energy consumption by 20% of projected 2020 levels - by improving energyefficiency  Source: European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/climate_action.htm What does EU’s climate and energy package mean in Finland? Competitiveness of fossil fuels will decrease Energy prices will rise Demand for wood energy will increase?

  4. The national energy and climate strategy The objective of the national energy and climate strategy is to increase the use of renewable sources of energy and their share of energy consumption. In addition to energy conservation, this is one of the most significant means by which Finland’s climate targets can be achieved. The aim is that the share of renewable energy sources in energy production will grow some 9,5 % from the 2005 level till 2020. By that time the share of renewable energy in Finnish energy consumption should be 38 %. In 2005 the share of renewable energy in Finnish primary energy production was 28,5 %. The share of renewable energy Sources of totalenergyconsumption in otherEuropeancountries: http://www.motiva.fi/files/671/ueo_kalvosarja_eng_motiva_pohjalla.pdf Wood-based fuels are the second most important source of energy after oil products. Share of renewables in 2008: http://www.stat.fi/til/ehkh/2008/04/ehkh_2008_04_2009-03-24_kuv_021_en.html Sources: www.tem.fi www.motiva.fi www.stat.fi

  5. Actions to promotewoodenergy Many actions (incentives and sanctions) are used to promote wood energy: 1. Emission trade 2. Investment aid 3. Law on funding of sustainable forestry (KEMERA) 4. Excise tax for fossil fuels 5. Green certificates 6. Feed in tariff’s in future? What are the concequences of these measures to national economy?

  6. Forests in Finland 86% or 26.3 million ha is classified as forestry land: • forest land 20.2 million h ( the potential annual average increment • of the growing stock > 1.0 m3/ha.) • scrub land 2.7 million ha (the potential annual average increment • of the growing stock is between 0.1- 1.0 m3/ha) • waste land 3.2 million ha( the potential annual average increment • of the growing stock < 0.1 m3/ha ) • forest roads, timber depots etc, 0.2 million ha Ownership • 52% non-industrial, private ownership • 35% the state • 8 % forest industry companies • 5% others The growing stock volume 2 201 million m3 The annual increment of the growing stock 99 million m3 Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 2008 (Metla)

  7. Whatarewoodfuels ? • Wood-Derived Fuels: • Direct wood fuels (forest and plantation wood): whole trees, logging residues, forest chips, crushed wood, stumps and root wood, billets, short-rotation woodmass… • Indirect wood fuels (wood processing industry by-products and residues): black liquor, bark, sawdust, cutter shavings, pulp chips, pellets, briquettes, other industrial solid wood residues, wood gas, pyrolyse-oil… • Recovered wood fuels (used wood): used paper and board, recycled wood… Wood flow in Finland: http://www.eubionet.net/GetItem.asp?item=digistorefile;140505;1087&params=open;gallery (page 8)

  8. Whatarewoodfuels? 1 solid cubic metre of wood = 2,5 loose cubic metres of wood = energy content 2 MWh *********************************************************** A typical family house in Finland needs 20 MWh of energy/year. 20 MWh = 2 m3 of heating oil 20 MWh = 25 loose-m3 of wood chips 20 MWh = 6,2 loose-m3 of wood pellets ****************************************

  9. Wood energy and energy management in Finland Energy consumption in Finland was 1 476 PJ (in 2007 ) • oil products covered one-fourth and wood-based fuels one fifth (295 PJ) of the total energy consumption • more than half (153 PJ) of wood-based fuel consumption was covered by wasteliquors • solid wood fuels wood fuels consumed (137 PJ) by heating and power plants (89 PJ) and and by small-sized dwellings (i.e., private houses) 48 PJ • Finland aims to increase the annual consumption of forest chips to 8–12 million m³ by the year 2015. Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forestry 2008 (Metla)

  10. Wood energy and energy management in Finland Renewable energy sources accounted for 28,5 per cent of the total consumption of energy in Finland in 2005. Wood-based fuels play an important role in the decentralised energy system. The amount of importedenergy is stillhighnnd appr. 50 % of energy is stillfossilfuels. Total energyconsumption in Finland 1970-2008 http://www.stat.fi/til/ehkh/2008/04/ehkh_2008_04_2009-03-24_kuv_015_en.html Renewable energy as a proportion of final energy consumption in 2006, and the target for 2020 http://www.stat.fi/til/ehkh/2008/04/ehkh_2008_04_2009-03-24_kuv_029_en.html Renewableenergysources in Finland 1970–2008 http://www.stat.fi/til/ekul/2008/ekul_2008_2009-12-14_kuv_004_en.htm Use of firewood and other wood-based energy in Finland: http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/maaliskuu_en.html Source: Statistics Finland

  11. Case: Heat entrepreneurship • A heatentrepreneur is an entrepreneurwhichsellsheat • Operateslocally • The main fuel is wood • At the momentthereare at least 423 heatingobjects in Finland • Average output 500 kW (source: Alanen V-M) Heatentrepreneurship in future Morespecializedheatentrepreneurs: • Pellet-heatentrepreneursoperating in a largerarea • Production of steam, gasand/orelectricity • Owndistrictheatingnetwork Heatentrepreneurs; examples: www.fh-eberswalde.de/_obj/FF135D46.../heat_cases_Eberswalde.pdf

  12. Wood energy in large scale heat and power production The main steps of chipprocurement: • purchase • cutting • off-road transportfrom stump to roadside • comminution • secondary transport from roadside tomill • receiving and handling at the plant. Productiontechnology of forestchipsLargescalewoodenergyproductionmethods: http://www.tekes.fi/fi/document/43249/wood_energy_final_pdf • Page 30: Small trees from early thinning • Pages 31, 32 and 33: Loggingresidues from final harvest • Page 33: Stump and rootwoodfromfinalharvest Source: Tekes; Wood Energy Technology Programme 1999–2003

  13. Wood energy in large scale heat and power production Heat and power production, example: Alholmens Craft http://www.alholmenskraft.com/en/production/ahk_prodpres_eng_a.html

  14. Sustainable development and wood energy Dimensions of sustainability • environment • economy Levels of sustainability • local – global • direct - indirect

  15. Example: Indirect effects on local economy more jobs: -production of wood chips1 person/3200 MWh -construction and management of the heating station productivity of the forestry will rise self-sufficiency rate of is higher no import of oil – money stays in local economy

  16. Sustainable development and wood energy Environment - local level - nutrient losses from soil (nutrient circulation is possible; recycling of ash) - small particle emission (controlling of the heating process) • Condencation of soil? (when harvesting stumps) • Dissolution of nutrients/erosion? Environment +CO2 neutral fuel replacing fossil fuels +Wood has low sulphur and nitrogen oxide emissions compared to fossil fuels

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