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BRAZIL

BRAZIL. The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility: 1823 - 1964. Regions of Brazil. REGIONS I. The heartland (Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area) The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area)

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BRAZIL

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  1. BRAZIL The Struggle for Unity, Economic Modernization and Upward International Mobility: 1823 - 1964

  2. Regions of Brazil

  3. REGIONS I • The heartland (Southeast - 42% population, 60%GDP, 11% area) • The south (15% population, 17% GDP, 7% area) • The center-west ( 8% population, 6% GDP, 25% area)

  4. Regions of Brazil

  5. REGIONS II • the north (6% population, 3% GDP, 40% area) • the northeast (29% population, 13% GDP 18% area)

  6. PEOPLE • Amerindians • Portuguese • African-Brazilians • Japanese • Other Europeans • Spanish • Germans • Italians

  7. Road to INDEPENDENCE (1808 – 1824) • Portuguese Court taken by British fleet to Rio de Janeiro • Centralization under Joao VI • End of the Napoleonic Wars • British aid Brazilian Independence

  8. Empire (1824-1889) • Primacy of British Economic Influence • Plantation Economy • Coffee • Cacao • Sugar • Issue of Slavery • French Orientation of Royal Court • Conspiracy of the Fazenderos

  9. FirstRepublic 1889-1930 • Decentralization • The Coffee Economy • Shift to São Paulo • Reinvestment of profits from coffee • Dominant States • São Paulo • Minas Gerias • Rio Grande do Sul

  10. Rise of Getúlio Vargas • The revolution of 1930 • São Paulo revolt (1932-37) • O Estado Novo (1937-45) • Populist • Military support at the beginning

  11. Brazilian Participation in World War II leads to downfall of Vargas • Brazilian army fights in the Italian Theatre • Initial performance discredits Vargas with the armed forces s • Returning military overthrows Vargas • Beginning of alienation between United States and the Brazilian left

  12. Second Republic: Democracy Frustrated (1946-1964) • Constitution of 1946 • Modeled on U.S. constitution • Structure so as not to threaten the large land owners of the Northeast • Political Parties • UND • PSD • PTB • Regional - local parties

  13. Second Republic: Vargas Returns (1951-1954) • Vargas: “The Last Hurrah” • Vargas wins as candidate of PTB • Military officer corps remains suspicious • Efforts to advance social revolution frightens the middle class • Military exercises its “Mediating power”

  14. JuscelinoKubitscheck Builds Brasilia – 800 miles from the coast

  15. Brasilia: Modern Latin American Capital City

  16. Janio QuadrosPresident: 31 January 1961 - 25 August 1961 • Reform governor of São Paulo • First “UDN candidate” to be elected president • Resignation after less than one year i office • Surprises the military • Frustrates UDN • Weakens the democratic regime

  17. João Goulart in power 1961-64) • Temporary switch to parliamentary system • Goulart assumes full power (1962) • Efforts to create a pro-Vargas majority • Courting peasants in the Northeast • Strengthing labor-based infrastructure of the PTB • Courting the urban poor • Anti-American nationalism

  18. End of the Second Republic • Pressures for Military Intervention • Conflictual social polarization • Middle class fears of workers • Attempt to divide the military along officer – enlisted lines • Role of the United States government

  19. Coup of April 1, 1964 • HumbertoCasteloBranco assumes power • Military demobilizes potential opponents • President Goulart flees to Uruguay • Key elected officials of PTB removed from office • Demobilization portrayed as temporary

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