Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic 1800-1812

1. Chapter 11 P. 211-232 Triumphs and Travails of theJeffersonian Republic1800-1812

2. Election 1800

3. Election 1800

4. “Revolution of 1800” “We are all Federalists , we are all Republicans.”

5. Marbury v. Madison 1803 James Madison William Marbury

6. John Adams, Federalist “the midnight judges” John Marshall, Federalist Sec. of State under Adams Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years James Madison “Father of the Constitution” Sec. of State under Jefferson Future president 1809-1817

8. Great Seal of the United States Created in 1782 “E Pluribus Unum” Out of many, one.

9. Judiciary Act 1789Judiciary Act 1801 • Judiciary Act 1789 (Washington Administration) • Established the federal court system • Determined that the Supreme Court would have six justices • Created the office of the Attorney General • Gave the Supreme Court the power of a • Writ of mandamus • Court order requiring a government official to carry out his /her official duty • Judiciary Act of 1801 (Adams Administration) • Established 62 new judgeships • (Opportunity for Adams to fill the federal judiciary with Federalists)

10. Marbury v. Madison 1803Elements of the case Worksheet • State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case. Does the Court have the power to issue a writ of mandamus ordering the Secretary of State to deliver the Commission to Marbury and the others?

11. Marbury v. Madison 1803Elements of the case Worksheet • What facts of the case were presented to the Court? • Senate had approved the commissions • President Adams had signed them • Secretary of State had placed the Seal of the U.S. on them

12. Marbury v. Madison 1803Elements of the case Worksheet • What was the decision of the Court? • The Court rejected Marbury’s appeal • Supreme Court could only hear cases like this one on appeal • The Court did not have the power to issue • Writs of mandamus • Constitution clearly established the cases over which it had original jurisdiction • Writs of mandamus was NOT one of them • The part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave this power to the Court was unconstitutional • Not the entire Judiciary Act of 1789 • Only the power to issue the writs of mandamus

13. Marbury v. Madison1803Elements of the case Worksheet • What was the effect of the decision? • Established the Supreme Court’s power • Judicial review • Allows the Court to determine the constitutionality of acts of Congress

14. Marbury v. Madison 1803 • Midnight judges case • Lawsuit requested the Supreme Court to issue a Writ of mandamus • Court order forcing Madison to issue the judicial commissions • The right to issue such writs had been given to the Court by the Judiciary Act of 1789 • Decision announced • Madison was wrong to withhold the commissions • Courts could issue such writs to force officials to do their duty • BUT Supreme Court had no such power because • Congress was not allowed to change the Court’s original jurisdiction by a mere act of Congress • That part of the Judiciary Act attempting to do so was NULL and VOID (judicial review) • Judicial Review • “It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” • “…a law repugnant to the Constitution is void.” Chief Justice John Marshall

15. Judicial Review • The power of the federal courts to declare laws of Congress and acts of the executive • Unconstitutional • Null and void and unenforceable • Established in Marbury v. Madison 1803 • By Chief Justice John Marshall • Federalist 78 • Alexander Hamilton • Constitution intended to give the courts the right to decide whether a law is contrary to the Constitution • Chief weapon for the courts in the system of checks and balances

16. Marbury v. Madison 1803Judicial Review • Judicial review • The right of the federal courts to judge the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress and the state legislatures • This power was first practiced by the Supreme Court in • Marbury v. Madison (1803)

17. Four Barbary States/North AfricaTripolitan War 1801-1805

18. Louisiana Purchase 1803Route of Lewis and Clark 1804-06

19. Toussaint L’Ouverture Self-educated ex-slave and military genius

20. Exploration of Louisiana Purchase

21. Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-06Corps of Discovery • Explored northern part of the purchase • Departed from St. Louis, Missouri 1804 • Up the Missouri River, through the Rockies and down the Columbia River reached the Pacific 1805 • Aided by Sacajawea • Shoshoni Indian • Details of the terrain and wildlife inspired exploration and settlement

23. Aaron Burr Duel: Burr and Hamilton

24. Napoleon’s Europe

25. Embargo Act 1807

26. American Posts Held by the BritishAfter 1783

27. War of 1812

29. Chief Tecumseh General William Henry Harrison

30. “War Hawks” in the War of 1812 Henry Clay, KY John C. Calhoun, SC Felix Gundy, TN

31. Madison’s War Declaration Message • Madison asked Congress for a • Declaration of War against the British in • June of 1812 • It became “Mr. Madison’s War.”

32. Nine World Wars

33. Review • Who said “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists?” • Thomas Jefferson • What is the other name for the Election of 1800? • “The Revolution of 1800” • Why? • First peaceful transition of power and • Proved that the American experiment could survive dissent among different factions of people