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Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms

Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms. Chapter 13, Section 1. MAIN IDEA: EMPIRE BUILDING Many Germanic kingdoms that came after the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne’s empire. WHY IT MATTERS NOW

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Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms

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  1. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms Chapter 13, Section 1

  2. MAIN IDEA: EMPIRE BUILDING Many Germanic kingdoms that came after the Roman Empire were reunited under Charlemagne’s empire WHY IT MATTERS NOW Charlemagne spread Christian civilization through Northern Europe, where it had a permanent impact Setting the Stage

  3. Invasions of Western Europe • 5th century: Germanic invaders overran the western half of the Roman empire • Repeated invasions caused changes such as: • Disruption of trade • Downfall of cities • Population shifts • Decline of learning • Loss of a common language • *These changes altered the economy, government, and culture of Western Europe!*

  4. Germanic Kingdoms Emerge • 400-600: Major upheaval; Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces • Borders changed constantly with each battle’s victory • Concept of government changes: emphasis on personal loyalties (unwritten rules & traditions) • Germanic stress on personal ties made it IMPOSSIBLE to establish orderly government for large territories

  5. Europe in the 6th Century

  6. Clovis Rules the Franks • The Franks, a Germanic tribe, hold power former Roman province of Gaul • Leader, Clovis, converts to Christianity to get divine help with battle victories • Church in Rome welcome’s Clovis’ conversion and supports his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples • 511: Clovis has united the Franksinto one kingdom • *This strategic alliance between Frankish kingdom & the Church was the start of a powerful partnership!

  7. Spread of Christianity • Church as an institution survived the fall of the Roman Empire; provided security in times of political chaos • Church became secular(worldly) and involved in politics • Politics helped spread Christianity; Church & Frankish rulers help many people convert • Missionaries risked their lives to travel & spread Christian beliefs

  8. Christianity, continued • Church built religious communities called monasteries • Christian men called monksgave up their private possessions and devoted their lives to serving Godby hard work, prayer, and study • Women who followed this way of life were called nunsand lived in convents • Monks and nuns opened schools, maintained libraries, copied books & helped the poor

  9. Monks devoted much time to making manuscripts, beautiful copies of religious writings, decorated with ornate letters and brilliant pictures This was a way of keeping learning alive in a time when learning wasn’t important Illuminated Manuscripts

  10. Charles Martel Emerges • Major domo – “mayor of the palace”, an official that has more power than the king • 719: Charles Martel was major domoof the Frankish kingdom united by Clovis • Extended the Frankish kingdom to the north, south, and east • Battle of Tours, 732: defeated Muslim raiders (extremely important for Christian Europeans) • Martel passed power to his son, Pepin the Short (wanted to be king) • Pepin cooperated with the pope; pope anointed Pepin “king by the grace of God” • Carolingian Dynasty: ruling family of the Franks 751-987

  11. Charlemagne Becomes Emperor • 768: Pepin the Short passes strong kingdom to sons • Charles, “Charlemagne” (Charles the Great) rules kingdom • Built an empire greater than any known since ancient Rome!!! • Fought Muslims in Spain, other Germanic tribes, and conquered new lands to the south and east • Spread Christianity and reunited Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire

  12. What do the sword & cross symbolize in this painting of Charlemagne? Just a Question…

  13. Charlemagne’s Empire: 768-843

  14. Charlemagne’s Excellent Reign • Charlemagne strengthened his power by limiting the power of the nobles • Sent out royal agents to ensure counts (powerful landholders) were governing their counties justly • Regularly visited every part of his kingdom • Encouraged learning! • Surrounded himself with scholars • Opened a palace school for upper class children • Ordered monasteries to open schools to train future monks & priests

  15. Fall of the Carolingian Dynasty • 814: Charlemagne on his deathbed; crowns son Louis the Pious emperor • Louis the Pious was very religious but an ineffective ruler • He left the kingdom to his three sons, who fought each other for power • 843: the brothers signed the Treaty of Verdun, splitting the empire into three kingdoms • Central authority broke down & the last Carolingian kings lost power • Lack of strong rulers would lead to a new system of governing and landholding… FEUDALISM

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