Families of Elements

1. Families of Elements

2. Three Groups of Elements • Metals • Nonmetals • Semiconductors or Metalloids

3. Metals • They are shiny solids that can be stretched and shaped. • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

4. Nonmetals • May be solid, liquids or gases. • If a solid nonmetal they are typical dull, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

5. Semiconductors • Non-metals that can conduct under certain conditions. • Display properties of metals and non-metals.

6. Concept Check • Which is it? • Oxygen • Sodium • Silicon • Radon

7. Families within the Periodic Table • Alkali Metals • Alkaline Earth Metals • Halogens • Noble Gases

8. Alkali Metals • Reactive • Most of them are shiny • Very reactive because it has one valence electron. • They want to have full octet.

10. Alkaline-earth Metals • Less reactive than Alkali metals but can still be very reactive. • Reactive to form +2 ions. • A lot of them are found in the human body.

11. Radon • Uranium can degrade into Radon. • Radon having similar properties as Calcium can replace it in bones. • This caused major issues after Chernobyl

12. Halogens • Very reactive. • They have 7 valence electrons and only need one for a full octet.

13. Chlorine • Highly reactive Halogen • Common Uses of Chlorine • Purification of Water • Bleach/Disinfectants • PVC

14. Noble Gases • They are inert or unreactive. • Exist as single elements because they have a full octet and don’t need to combine to get or lose electrons.

15. Argon • The Noble Gases are often used to make lasers and signs. • Bright Vibrant Colors produced

16. Other Groups • Transition Metals • Metals within the 3 to 12 groups • Include metals such as gold and silver

17. Review • We are focusing on the transition metals • We need to know how to figure out the number of valence electrons and energy levels of a given atom • The four families • Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens and Noble Gases.