1 / 18

Federal Courts

Federal Courts. Supreme Court. Federal Courts Structure. Federal Courts. District Courts Original Jurisdiction: courts that determine the facts about a case- the trial court. Federal crimes Civil suits under federal law / across state lines Supervising bankruptcy / naturalization

vernonh
Télécharger la présentation

Federal Courts

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Federal Courts Supreme Court

  2. Federal Courts Structure

  3. Federal Courts • District Courts • Original Jurisdiction: courts that determine the facts about a case- the trial court. • Federal crimes • Civil suits under federal law / across state lines • Supervising bankruptcy / naturalization • Reviews some federal agencies • Admiralty and maritime law cases

  4. Federal Courts • Courts of Appeal • Appellate Jurisdiction: reviews the legal issues in cases brought from lower courts. • Hold no trials and hear no testimony. • 12 circuit courts • U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit- specialized cases • Focus on errors of procedure & law

  5. Federal Courts • The Supreme Court • President relies on attorney general and DOJ to screen candidates. • 1 out of 5 nominees will not make it. • Presidents with minority party support in the Senate will have more trouble. • Chief Justice’s position can be a sitting justice, or a new member.

  6. Federal Courts • Accepting Cases • Use the “rule of four” to choose cases. • Issues a writ of certiorari to call up the case. • Very few cases are actually accepted each year

  7. Federal Courts • What is ‘Rule of 4” mean? • The rule of fouris a Supreme Court practice that permits four of the nine justices to grant a writ of certiorari. • It is a custom that has been observed since the Court was given discretion over which appeals to hear. It is not in the Constitution.

  8. Federal Courts • What is a writ of certiorari? • A writ of certiorari is an order a higher court issues in order to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court and determine whether there were any irregularities. • Certiorari is the common method for cases to be heard before the U.S. Supreme Court

  9. Federal Courts • The "rule of five." means the decisions in a Supreme Court case result from this desire to get a majority of five votes.

  10. The Courts as Policymakers • Making Decisions • Oral arguments may be made in a case. • Justices discuss the case. • One justice will write an opinion on the case

  11. The Courts as Policymakers • Making Decisions • Opinion: Statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision. • Stare decisis: basically to let the previous decision stand unchanged. • Precedents: How similar past cases were decided. • Original Intent: The idea that the Constitution should be viewed according to the original intent of the framers.

  12. The Courts and the Policy Agenda • A Historical Review • John Marshall and the Growth of Judicial Review • The “Nine Old Men” • The Warren Court • The Burger Court • The Rehnquist Court

  13. Understanding the Courts • What Courts Should Do: The Scope of Judicial Power • Judicial restraint: judges should play a minimal policymaking role- leave the policies to the legislative branch. • Judicial activism: judges should make bold policy decisions and even charting new constitutional ground.

  14. Nine Old Men • First coined by FDR during the Depression and his New Deal Programs: • Stocked with philosophical and economic conservatives, the U.S. Supreme Court proved to be the most consistent opponent to President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs.

  15. The Warren Court-1953-1969 • Brown V, Board of Education, Topeka Kansas - 1954 - Civil Rights • Mapp v Ohio - 1961 - Search and Seizure • Gideon v. Wainright - 1963 - Right To Counsel • Escobedo v Illinois - 1964 - Right To Counsel

  16. The Warren Court • Miranda v Arizona - 1966 - Rights of the Accused • Engle v Vitale - 1962 - Separation of Church and State • Tinker v Des Moines - 1969 - Symbolic Speech • What type of court was the Warren Court?

  17. The Burger Court-1969-1986 • NY Times v United States - 1971 - Freedom of the Press • United States v. Nixon - 1972 - Presidential Privilege • Bakke v University of California Bored of Regents - 1976 - Civil Rights • Roe v Wade - 1973 - Right To Privacy

  18. The Rehnquist Court 1986- 2005 • Texas v. Johnson - 1989 - Freedom of Speech

More Related