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Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04

Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04. Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MAPP, CEE Research Associate Gund Institute, SNR. Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04. Restructuring. PURPA-Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act Stranded costs-if consumers choose other suppliers

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Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04

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  1. Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04 Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MAPP, CEE Research Associate Gund Institute, SNR

  2. Electricity and electromagnetism: 3-8-04

  3. Restructuring PURPA-Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act Stranded costs-if consumers choose other suppliers Avoided cost: payback rate to independant producers

  4. Electricity Coulomb= unit of charge Electrical current = flow of electrons Potential difference = voltage

  5. Batteries and Electric cars Electrolyte = chemical in a battery

  6. Electric Vehicles 1st Wave 1890-1920 The years 1899 and 1900 were the high point of electric vehicles in America, as they outsold all other types of cars. Source: US DOE “Better batteries 10 years away” “Liars, damn liars, and battery manufacturers.” -Thomas Edison (Ni-Fe)

  7. 1980’s 2nd Wave of EVs Jet Industries: Citi-Car (Beaumont) Electricar Lectra “Better batteries 10 years away”

  8. What is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle?

  9. What is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle?

  10. What is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle?

  11. 1990 CA Air Resources Board Mandates * Requirement modified in 1996

  12. ZEV EMISSIONS Do ZEVs simply shift air emissions from one place to another? Source: CA Air ResourcesBoard Even when taking into account power plant emissions, ZEVs are 95% cleaner than even the lowest emitting conventional vehicle.

  13. EVs 3rd Wave 1990+: First Phase = (Small Conversion companies) Solar Electric Engineering (US Electricar) “Better batteries 10 years away”

  14. MendoMotive

  15. InnEVations

  16. Thunderstruck-EV.com

  17. 1990’s 2nd Phase: Small Corporations, US Solectria: Corbin: Tropica (Beaumont) “Better batteries 10 years away”

  18. Europe: City-El 5000 Sold Party

  19. Phase 3: Nearing 1998 Detroit and Japan Detroit: We can’t do it. Hire Lawyers.(Can’t do seatbelts, 5mph bumpers, side impact protection, unleaded gas, better gas mileage, airbags, etc.) GM EV-1 Gen 1: Lead Acid 70 - 90 miles Gen 2: Nickel Metal Hydride 125-150 miles * Requirement modified in 1996

  20. Japan: We can do it. Hire engineers. EV Plus Specs Length: 159.3 in. Width: 68.9 in. Height: 64.2 in. Wheel Base 99.6 in. Track Front/Rear: 59.1/58.7 Curb Weight: 3593.5 Drive Train: Front Wheel Drive Occupants: Four Voltage: 288 Motor: DC Brushless Power: 49 Kw (66hp) Battery 24 12v NiMH Charger: On-board Conductive Recharge: 6-8 hrs Acceleration: 4.9 sec (0-30 mph) Maximum Speed: 80+ mph Range: 100 miles (80% discharge) Lease Cost: $455/mo for 36 mo. Honda EVPlus Nickel Metal Hydride 80 miles

  21. Japan: We can do it. Hire engineers. Honda EVPlus Nickel Metal Hydride 80 miles Nissan Altra Lithium-ion 80-100 miles Toyota RAV4-EV Nickel Metal Hydride 80 miles Better Batteries are finally here, but you can’t afford them.

  22. Neighborhood Electric Vehicles FORD Th!nk Nissan Hypermini Chrysler GEM Toyota E-com OTHER EVS

  23. REVIEW OF BASICS-OHM’S LAW

  24. REVIEW OF BASICS-POWER W=WATTAGE = WATTS 1000W = 1 KILOWATT = 1 KW W = V X A 1 HORSEPOWER = 746 WATTS = .746 KW EV EFFICIENCY ~= 75% 1KW X .75 = 750W = 1HP

  25. AC PM MOTOR/GENERATOR MICHAEL FARADAY

  26. PM BRUSHLESS (electronic commutation) PM magnets Magnets on rotating parts!

  27. AC WOUND FIELD MOTOR/GENERATOR (Electronic commutation) WINDINGS ON ROTATING PARTS!

  28. AC INDUCTION MOTOR TESLA No windings or magnets on rotating parts

  29. 3-PHASE MOTOR/GENERATOR TESLA

  30. DC MOTORS-brushes and commutator

  31. DC MOTOR/GENERATOR (mechanical commutation=brushes)

  32. DC MOTORS-PERMANENT MAGNET- (mechanical commutation=brushes)

  33. DC MOTORS-SERIES (mechanical commutation=brushes)

  34. DC MOTORS-SHUNT (mechanical commutation=brushes)

  35. DC MOTORS-COMPOUND (mechanical commutation=brushes)

  36. ENERGY STORAGE Gasoline:C8H18

  37. ENERGY STORAGE Source: USABC and others

  38. NICKEL-HYDRIDE HYDROGEN STORAGE

  39. LITHIUM-ION BATTERY SOURCE: ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.

  40. COMPOSITE FLYWHEELS SOURCE: ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.

  41. SUPERCAPACITORS SOURCE: ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.

  42. ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL SOURCE: ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.

  43. MECHANICAL RECHARGE ZINC-AIR FUEL CELL SOURCE: METALLIC POWER.COM

  44. ENERGY DENSITY BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME SOURCE: ELECTRIC STORAGE ASSOC.

  45. CARB DEFINITIONS CLEANER

  46. Available Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2000-2004 TOYOTA PRIUS 1999-2004 HONDA INSIGHT 2003-2004 HONDA CIVIC

  47. Hybrid Electric Vehicles 2005 FORD ESCAPE HYBRID Semi-hybrid 2004 GM “FlexPower” Chevy Silverado Pickup

  48. Future Hybrid Electric Vehicles Nissan Tino Nissan's Hybrid Vehicle(HV) is called the Tino. It is powered by a combination of a 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine and an electric motor with lithium-ion batteries. The vehicle is a five passenger car that achieves twice the fuel economy and 50% less emissions. Nissan's Tino hybrid electric car will be sold only in Japan, initially. 2006 Ford Futura

  49. Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) Since 1993-$1.1 billion GM Precept Hybrid Chrysler ESX 2 Hybrid Dodge ESX-3 hybrid 1.5-liter direct-injection three-cylinder diesel engine 15-kW or 20-hp, permanent magnet electric motor/generator 21-kW lithium-ion battery pack.

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