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Web-Enhanced Information Virtualization

WHIM S2008. Web-Enhanced Information Virtualization. An Overview of Web-Based 3D Computer Graphics Standards. Why do we need it. Encapsulate computing resources from the user Provide a simplified interface to enhance usability. 2D vs. 3D. Decade-long debate

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Web-Enhanced Information Virtualization

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  1. WHIM S2008 Web-EnhancedInformation Virtualization An Overview of Web-Based 3D Computer Graphics Standards

  2. Why do we need it • Encapsulate computing resources from the user • Provide a simplified interface to enhance usability

  3. 2D vs. 3D • Decade-long debate 2D: Takes less power to compute, easier to encode and transmit; But generally less expressive and compelling, viewer perspective limited by the dimension to the creators’ own 3D: More difficult to model; But easier to manipulate from multiple perspectives and animate more realistic motions.

  4. Standard Artifact: VRML • Virtual Reality Modeling Language, originally named as “VR Markup Language” • A standard for presenting 3D interactive vector graphics • Designed for WWW context

  5. Format of VRML • Uses text to describe vertices and edges of 3D polygons, along with the texture information (mapping, surface color, shininess, etc). • URL can be associated with any graphical component • Aspects of the virtual world (lighting, sounds, etc) can be included in the world file (.wrl) to interact with the user or external events • Support embedded Java or JavaScript code for event-handling.

  6. Code Segment of a VRML file #VRML V2.0 utf8 WorldInfo { title “Just a sample“ info [“ for Apr.29 WHIM presentation"“ks2555@columbia.com"] } Transform { translation 0 2.25 0 children [ Shape { appearance Appearance { texture ImageTexture { url "me.jpg" } } geometry Sphere { radius 0.75 } } ] }

  7. History of VRML Birth: First proposed in a paper submitted to the First International Conference on World Wide Web Popularization: Revamped as VRML 97; established as an ISO standard; became widely used, particularly for education and research area. CyberTown.com’s 3D chat application developped by Blaxxun Software in VRML97 standard

  8. History of VRML Criticism: “VRML was born dead. It never solved any real problems. Good riddance.” --Clay Shirky, on the WWW Artist Consortium mailing list “No integration with HTML, They were too busy getting the 3D to work.” --Chris Phillips, director of business development and multimedia at Microsoft Central idea of these criticism is: VRML gets the job done on 3D part, but its spec is locked, thus there is no easy way to integrate or extend it.

  9. X3D • The successor of VRML, from Web3D Consortium • XML-Based • First approved by ISO in 2004 • Defines several sets of extensions for different purposes • Core set • Interchange • CAD • Geospatial • Immersive • Browser makers can define their own extensions and submit to Web3DC for standardization

  10. X3D’s Improvement over VRML Multiple data encodings New graphics features New networking features Improved APIs, more language/object model bindings Modularity MPEG-4 has streaming interactive 3D using VRML

  11. Interaction Model Add Your Text Text Text Cycle name Text Text Text

  12. Data Encoded in X3D • Sample Java Applet 3D Model Viewer embedded in the html page

  13. Development Enviorment • Xj3D: a Java based developer X3D Toolkit and browser for data modelled in X3D

  14. Conclusion • X3D is a relative junior standard • There are some other competing standards (e.g. COLLADA) alternative to X3D • X3D’s promising for 3D Web Publishing, durability and full potential yet to be seen

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