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Understanding Ocean Zones and Their Impact on Climate Change

This lesson delves into the major ocean zones: photic, pelagic, and benthic. It explores the physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment, highlighting how oceans cover 71% of the Earth and host over 97% of its surface water. Understand the influence of ocean currents and thermohaline circulation on regional climate, and discuss significant issues like climate change, ocean acidification, and the consequences on marine ecosystems and fisheries. Gain insight into the complex interactions between climate and oceanic processes.

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Understanding Ocean Zones and Their Impact on Climate Change

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  1. AP Environmental Science • Mr. Grant • Lesson 75 The Oceans

  2. Objectives: • Define the terms photic zone, pelagic zone and benthic zone. • Identify physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment. • Explain how the oceans influence, and are influenced by, climate.

  3. Define the terms photic zone, pelagic zone and benthic zone. • Photic Zone: • Pelagic Zone: • Benthic Zone:

  4. Identify physical, geographical, chemical, and biological aspects of the marine environment. • Oceans cover 71% of Earth’s surface and contain over 97% of its surface water. • Seafloor topography can be complex. • Ocean water contains 96.5% H2O by mass and various dissolved salts. • Colder, saltier water is denser and sinks. Water temperatures vary with latitude, and temperature variation is greater than surface layers. • Surface currents move horizontally through the oceans, driven by wind and other factors. • Vertical water movement includes upwelling and down welling, which affect the distribution of nutrients and life.

  5. Central Case: Collapse of the cod fisheries

  6. Cod are groundfish The U.S. and Canada have paid billions to retrain fishermen who lost their jobs

  7. Oceans cover most of the Earth’s surface

  8. Seafloor topography can be rugged

  9. A stylized bathymetric profile of the ocean A stylized map reflects the ocean’s bathymetry (depths) and topography (landforms)

  10. Ocean water contains salt

  11. Ocean water is vertically structured

  12. Explain how he oceans influence, and are influenced by, climate. • The thermohaline circulation shapes regional climate, or instance, keeping Europe warm. Global warming could potentially shut down existing circulation patterns. • El Niño and La Niña events alter climate and affect fisheries. • The oceans sequester atmospheric carbon and have slowed global climate change, but they could become saturated. • Absorption of excess carbon dioxide leads to ocean acidification, which hinders corals in forming reefs.

  13. The ocean has several layers

  14. Ocean water flows horizontally in currents

  15. Currents form patterns across the globe

  16. Vertical movement affects ecosystems

  17. Currents affect climate

  18. The North Atlantic Deep Water

  19. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

  20. Effects of El Niño and La Niña

  21. ENSO, El Niño, and La Niña Normal conditions El Niño conditions

  22. Climate change is altering the oceans

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