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E. G. Medrano, J. F. Esquivel, and A. A. Bell USDA-ARS-SPARC, College Station, TX

Introduction of an opportunistic bacterial cotton pathogen into bolls by the southern green stink bug ( Nezara viridula L.). E. G. Medrano, J. F. Esquivel, and A. A. Bell USDA-ARS-SPARC, College Station, TX. Seed Rot of South Carolina Cotton. Emerging disease

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E. G. Medrano, J. F. Esquivel, and A. A. Bell USDA-ARS-SPARC, College Station, TX

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  1. Introduction of an opportunistic bacterial cotton pathogen into bolls by the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula L.) E. G. Medrano, J. F. Esquivel, and A. A. Bell USDA-ARS-SPARC, College Station, TX

  2. Seed Rot of South Carolina Cotton • Emerging disease • First reported during 1999 in South Carolina • Yield losses from 10 to 15% • Spread to fields located throughout southeastern Cotton Belt states

  3. Disease Symptoms • Disease symptoms manifested inside bolls • Exterior carpel of immature diseased bolls are non-symptomatic • Cross-sections of immature diseased bolls reveal necrotic seed and discolored fiber

  4. Previous Work • Role of Pantoea agglomerans in opportunistic bacterial seed and boll rot of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) grown in the field (Medrano and Bell, 2007, Journal of Applied Microbiology- 102, 134-143) • Transmission of cotton seed and boll rotting bacteria by the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (Medrano, Esquivel, and Bell, 2007, Journal of Applied Microbiology- in press)

  5. Boll inoculated with P. agglomerans Rif(PaRif )* r r *28-gauge needle simulating insect puncture (Medrano & Bell 2007)

  6. Comparison of diseased greenhouse* and field cotton *28-gauge needle simulating insect puncture (Medrano & Bell 2007)

  7. Cotton Insect Pests • Piercing/sucking mouthparts used for feeding on developing fruit • Includes stink bugs, lygus, and cotton fleahoppers

  8. Soaked 2 min in: PaRif r Sterilized Green Bean Provided to insect for 2 days or H2O Insect Transmission Study Method • Lab-reared southern green stink bugs (SGSB) were raised on fresh green beans (not sterile) that were replenished every 2 days. • Bacterial exposure to insects:

  9. Harvested after: Weeks Post Anthesis: Caged 2 days 2 wks 2 wks Insect Transmission Study Method (cont’d) • Cotton boll harvesting: -Evidence of insect feeding was determined after boll exposure to insects. -Bolls were surface sterilized and then seed and lint tissue were aseptically collected, triturated, and then dilution plated on media with/without Rif. • Exposure of cotton bolls to insects:

  10. r PaRif - r PaRif + Cotton bolls exposed to SGSB

  11. r PaRif - r PaRif + Cotton bolls exposed to SGSB

  12. Cotton bolls exposed to SGSB r PaRif - r PaRif +

  13. r PaRif - r PaRif + Cotton bolls exposed to SGSB

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