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Computer Hardware Processing

Referred to as the

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Computer Hardware Processing

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    Slide 1:Computer Hardware & Processing Inside the Box

    CSC 101 1.0 September 16, 2010

    Slide 2:Why does computer technology change so quickly

    Moore’s law Technology changes every 18 months

    Slide 3:The Motherboard

    CPU RAM Expansion cards and slots Built-in components Chip set – supportive hardwareChip set – supportive hardware

    Slide 4:The CPU - Central Processing Unit

    Referred to as the “brains” of the computer Controls all functions of the computer Processes all commands and instructions Can perform billions of tasks per second

    Slide 5:How fast is a CPU?

    Speed Megahertz (MHz) Gigahertz (GHz) System clock Cores Single Dual Quad

    Slide 6:Parts of the CPU

    Slide 7:The Machine Cycle

    Pipeline – doing more than one thing at once Pipeline – doing more than one thing at once

    Slide 8:Computer Memory

    RAM – Random Access Memory ROM – Read Only Memory Cache Memory – very fast memory used by the CPU

    Slide 9:ROM

    Hard wired at the factory Cannot be changed Contains the instructions the computer needs to start

    Slide 10:RAM

    Volatile – No power, no data All programs and files must be loaded into RAM to be used RAM connected to the CPU Primary storage

    Slide 11:How much RAM do you need?

    It depends on what programs you run Operating system is always in RAM

    Slide 12:Virtual Memory

    Space reserved on the hard drive Computer act like it has more memory than it really has Programs swapped between real memory and virtual memory as needed Thrashing – computer spends too much time swapping between real and virtual memory

    Slide 13:Cache Memory & Registers

    Very fast memory On the CPU chip or in very close proximity Holds processors immediate results Holds frequently used instructions

    Slide 14:Device/Memory/Storage Hierarchy

    The higher in the hierarchy, the faster and more expensive memory is

    Slide 15:Expansion Slots

    Adds versatility and expandability to the system

    Slide 16:Video Cards

    Process binary data into images Contain memory known as video memory Control the number of colors a monitor can display (bit depth) Standard VGA True color Not all processing done by CPUNot all processing done by CPU

    Slide 17:Graphics Processing Unit

    Performs the same work as a CPU Specialized to handle 3D graphics Image and video processing CPUs perform better with a GPU handling graphics computation.

    Slide 18:Audio Processing

    Sound cards Attach to motherboard Process digital data into sounds 3D sound cards Surround sound Allow you to connect audio devices

    Slide 19:Bus

    Move bits between different areas on the motherboard 32 bit 64 bit Word size – big word fasrerWord size – big word fasrer

    Slide 20:Ports

    Allow peripheral devices to be plugged in On both front and back of desktop computers USB Ethernet Firewire Devices plugged into a card that is plugged into the motherboardDevices plugged into a card that is plugged into the motherboard

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