Transformations of the United States and the World

1. Transformations of the United States and the World SOL USII.8

2. After World War II… • How did the U.S. help rebuild Europe and Japan? • Much of Europe was in ruins. Soviet forces occupied most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of Germany. The United States felt it was in its best interest to rebuild Europe and prevent political and economic instability.

3. After World War II… • Learning from the mistakes of the past, the United States accepted its role as a world superpower, helping to rebuild Europe and Japan and taking the leading role in establishing the United Nations.

4. Rebuilding Efforts in Europe http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/2/24/300px-Marshall_Plan.png • The U.S. instituted George Marshall’s plan to rebuild Europe (the Marshall Plan), which provided massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and stop the spread of communism. • Democratic countries received money from the U.S., established democratic governments, and became allies of the U.S. Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. The red columns show the relative amount of total aid per nation.

5. Rebuilding Efforts in Europe Germany was partitioned into East and West Germany. • West Germany was democratic and resumed self-government after a few years of British and French occupation. • East Germany remained under the domination of the Soviet Union and did not adopt democratic institutions. http://www.maps-of-germany.co.uk/images/map-of-east-west-Germany.gif

6. Rebuilding Efforts in Japan • General MacArthur headed the occupation government which received aid from the U.S., established a democratic government, and resumed self-government as a U.S. ally. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h62000/h62439.jpg

7. Following its defeat, Japan was occupied by American forces • Japan had a strong democratic government • Resumed self-government • Became a strong ally of the United States

8. The establishment of the United Nations http://www.inetours.com/New_York/Images/UN/UN-Flags_8870.jpg • The United Nations was formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try to prevent future global wars. The United Nations building in New York City. There is a display of flags representing each member country in front of the U.N. The flags are in alphabetical order beginning with Afghanistan and ending with Zimbabwe.

9. Rapid Growth of the U.S. What were the reasons for rapid growth of the American economy following WWII? Following World War II, Americans prospered due to an expanding economy by America’s involvement in the war.

10. Reasons for rapid growth of the U.S. economy after WWII • With rationing of consumer goods over, businesses converted from production of war materials to consumer goods. • Americans purchased goods on credit. http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumb_0/1085439585nw34jW.jpg

11. Reasons for rapid growth of the U.S. economy after WWII • The workforce shifted back to men and most women returned to family responsibilities. • Labor unions merged and became more powerful; workers gained new benefits and higher salaries. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen 1946 Strike outside of the Moline Company in Minneapolis.

12. Reasons for rapid growth of the U.S. economy after WWII • As economic prosperity continued and technology boomed, the next generation of women re-entered the labor force in large numbers. http://www.clomedia.com/images/CO0605_humancapfig3.gif

13. The Cold War • The U.S. and Soviet Union emerged from WWII as world powers, triggering a rivalry over ideology and national security. The tension between the free world and the communist world caused divisiveness at home and abroad. • Cold War definition: The state of tension without actual fighting between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, which divided the world into two camps

14. Origins of the Cold War • Differences in goals and ideologies between the U.S. and the Soviet Union (two superpowers.) The U.S. was democratic and capitalist and the Soviet Union was dictatorial and communist.

15. The Cold War Nations http://astro.temple.edu/~barbday/Europe66/resources/coldwardivisionmap1.htm

16. Origins of the Cold War • Soviet Union’s domination over Eastern European countries; the U.S. policy of containment. http://jimriverreport.com/tdaxp_upload/stalins_new_map_md.jpg

17. Origins of the Cold War • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • (GOOD GUYS) versus • the Warsaw Pact • (BAD GUYS) http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/a4/450px-NATO_vs_Warsaw_(1949-1990).png Borders of NATO (blue) and the Warsaw Pact (red) during the Cold War Era.

18. Reasons for divisiveness at home • Fear of being named a communist by Senator Joseph McCarthy http://www.americanrhetoric.com/images/JosephMcCarthyCBSSeeitNow.jpg

19. Reasons for divisiveness at home • Convictions of Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs for being communist spies. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=61957&rendTypeId=4 Alger Hiss

20. Reasons for divisiveness at home • Division over Vietnam. http://www.vietnamwar.com/vnmap.jpg

21. Major conflicts in the post-WWII era • Since WWII, the U.S. has been directly involved in conflicts that reflected the divisions caused by Cold War tensions and hostilities.

22. Major conflicts in the post-WWII era • South Korea and the U.S. resisted Chinese and North Korea aggression. The conflict ended in a stalemate (no winner.) http://www.learnkoreanlanguage.com/images/KoreanWarMap.jpg

23. Major conflicts in the post-WWII era • The Cuban Missile Crisis happened when the Soviet Union put missiles in Cuba. • The Soviets removed the missiles in response to a U.S. blockade. http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/ilw1/ilw3584.gif • What do you think this cartoon means? • Why was the U.S. concerned about Soviet missiles in Cuba?

24. Major conflicts in the post-WWII era • The U.S. intervened to stop the spread of communism in South Vietnam. • Americans were divided over our involvement and the conflict ended in a cease-fire and U.S. troops withdrew. http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/69D2AEF4-9B4E-4BC9-A227-B278C0

25. Domino Theory- • U.S. political leaders were afraid that if South Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would fall to communism

26. http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/southeast/11/15/clinton.vietnam/map.vietnam.hanoi.jpghttp://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/southeast/11/15/clinton.vietnam/map.vietnam.hanoi.jpg http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/southeast_asia_pol97.jpg

27. Germany Korea Cuba Vietnam The Cold War Around the World http://www.pupilvision.com/schoolmap/outlinemaps/world1.jpg

28. Reasons for the collapse of communism in Europe • The breakup of the Soviet Union into independent countries. http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780198781646/01student/maps/break_up_USSR.jpg

29. Reasons for the collapse of communism in Europe • The destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989. http://www.bdonline.co.uk/Pictures/web/s/u/h/Berlin-wallready.jpg East and West German border guards join in on the destruction of the Berlin Wall.

30. New Challenges • The role of U.S. military intervention: Do we need to interfere in the affairs of other countries? • What do you think? Is this question still applicable today? http://savecivilization.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/01/2007_01_09t054713_450x2

31. New Challenges http://www.radford.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG140/envst.gif • Environmental challenges: deforestation, clearing of forests for logging or farming, pollution of oceans and freshwater by chemicals, sewage, fertilizers, and pesticides. • What issue concerning the environment is popular today? • Global warming http://enews.toxicslink.org/im-info/Air.pollution_1.jpg

32. New Challenges • Global issues such as the loss of jobs, trade problems such as protective tariffs, and disease.

33. Changing patterns in U.S. Society • Changing patterns in American society at the end of World War II changed the way most Americans lived and worked.

34. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • U.S. had a strong economy (a healthy job market, increased productivity, and an increased demand for American products.)

35. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • Great investment in education. • How did the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act of 1944, or the G.I. Bill, help veterans invest in their education? http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/92.3/images/loss_fig06a.jpg

36. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • “Baby boom” led to changing demographics. • How will the “baby boomer” generation affect subsequent generations, especially as the “baby boomers” begin to retire? http://www.ed.gov/pubs/bbecho/images/page3.gif

37. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • Interstate highway system.

38. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • Evolving role of women (expected to play a supporting role in the family, but increasingly working outside the home.)

39. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • Role of Eleanor Roosevelt in expanding women’s rights. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22

40. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • African American aspirations for equal opportunities. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=7546&rendTypeId=4 Martin Luther King, Jr (center) and other Civil Rights supporters march on Washington, D.C. in August of 1963.

41. Factors leading to changing patterns in U.S. society • Changes in the make-up of immigrants after 1965 (Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans.) • How do people feel about immigrants today? What are some issues that concern immigration? http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Graphics/Bracero.jpg

42. Policies and programs expanding educational and employment opportunities • The G.I. Bill of Rights gave educational, housing, and employment benefits to WWII veterans. http://www.gallagher.com/ww2/images/GI_Bill_of_Rights_29_176.jpg

43. Policies and programs expanding educational and employment opportunities • President Truman desegregated the armed forces. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/71-2530

44. Policies and programs expanding educational and employment opportunities • Civil Rights legislation led to increased educational, economic, and political opportunities for women and minorities. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/6/61/250px-Lyndon_Johnson_signing_ President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act Of 1964. Behind him is Martin Luther King, Jr.