1. Atmospheric Moisture Lapse Rate By K. Y. NG

2. Height (m) 2000 2000m: -2.5°C 1500 1000 500m: 5°C Condensation Level 500 -10 -5 0 5 10 Temp. °C -15 Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate & Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate SALR 5°C / 1000 m DALR  10°C / 1000 m

3. Height (m) 2000 1500 1000 Condensation Level 500 -10 -5 0 5 10 Temp. °C -15 Stability SALR ELR (1) 4°C /1000m 2000m: -2.5°C 2000m: 2°C Rising air parcel is colder than surrounding air (-2.5 °C < 2 °C). The air parcel sinks back to its starting point, i.e. STABILITY ELR (1) < SALR < DALR DALR

4. Height (m) 2000 1500 1000 Condensation Level 500 -10 -5 0 5 10 Temp. °C -15 Instability 2000m: -14°C SALR 2000m: -2.5°C Rising air parcel is warmer than surrounding air (-2.5 °C > -14 °C). The air parcel will rise continuously, i.e. INSTABILITY ELR (2) > DALR >SALR ELR (2) 12°C /1000m DALR

5. Height (m) 2000 1500 1000 850m Condensation Level 500 -10 -5 0 5 10 Temp. °C -15 Conditional Instability 2000m: -6°C SALR 2000m: -2.5°C ELR (3) 8°C /1000m IF the air parcel is forced to rise above 850m, it will be warmer than the surrounding air (SALR < ELR (3) ). The air parcel will rise continuously, i.e. unstable air. Below 850m, as the air parcel is cooler than the surrounding air (DALR & SALR > ELR (3) ), the air parcel will sink normally, i.e. stable air. UNSTABLE AIR CONDITIONAL INSTABILITY STABLE AIR DALR

6. Conclusion THE END