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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. BIOL 2304/2101 Human Anatomy. Chapter objectives. 1. Define anatomy and compare the different disciplines of anatomy 2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and relationship between levels: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION BIOL 2304/2101 Human Anatomy

  2. Chapter objectives 1. Define anatomy and compare the different disciplines of anatomy 2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and relationship between levels: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism 3. Summarize the organ systems and their major functions 4. Discuss anatomical position 5. Identify planes of section of the body 6. Understand and correctly use directional terms 7. Locate and identify abdominal regions 8. Identify body cavities, their subdivisions and membranes, as well as major organs found in each

  3. Anatomy • anatomy: the study of the structural components of the body • cytology: the study of the cellular components of tissues • histology and ultrastructure: the study of microscopic anatomy and the structural components (tissues/cells) of the organs that make up the body. TEM and SEM provide ultrastructure. -embryology: the study of development after fertilization

  4. Levels of Structural Organization

  5. Organ Systems Integumentary System (Skin)

  6. Skeletal System Bones and Cartilage: Joints and Ligaments

  7. Muscular System • Skeletal muscle and tendons • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle

  8. Nervous System • CNS • PNS • ANS

  9. Circulatory System • Blood • Heart • Blood vessels -arteries -veins -capillaries

  10. Lymphatic and Immune System • Lymph organs -lymph nodes/vessels -spleen, thymus -Peyers patches -tonsils • Lymph (fluid)

  11. Respiratory System • nasal cavity • pharynx • larynx • trachea • bronchi • bronchioles • lungs

  12. Digestive System • mouth, salivary glands, teeth, tongue • esophagus • stomach • accessory organs • enteric NS • small Intestines • large intestines • rectum • anus

  13. Urinary System • kidneys • ureters • bladder • urethra

  14. Male Reproductive System • testes • epididymis • spermatic cord • accessory glands • prostate • seminal vesicles • bulbourethral • mons pubis • penis

  15. Female Reproductive System • ovaries • fallopian tubes • uterus • vagina • clitoris • mons pubis • mammary glands

  16. Endocrine System • hypothalamus • pituitary • thyroid • parathyroid • adrenal glands • pancreas • testes/ovaries • pineal • thymus

  17. Anatomical Position • Body facing forward, arms at side with palms facing forward.

  18. Body Planes • Mid-Sagittal • Frontal/ Coronal • Transverse • Oblique

  19. Anatomical Terminology1

  20. Anatomical Terminology 2

  21. Anatomical Terminology 3 • Body Cavities

  22. Anatomical Terminology 4a • Body Membranes: Serous -Pleura visceral parietal

  23. Anatomical Terminology 4b • Body Membranes: Serous -Pericardium visceral parietal

  24. Anatomical Terminology 5

  25. Anatomical Terminology 6 • Abdominal regions

  26. Anatomical terminology 7 • Abdominal cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity

  27. Anatomical Terminology 8 • Thoracic cavity-mid sagittal plane

  28. Anatomical Terminology 9

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