Vaccination

1. Vaccination What it is and the different types.

2. Lesson objectives • Explain how vaccination works • Discuss responses of the government to the threat of new ‘flu strains. • Compare and contrast active, passive, natural & artificial immunity

3. Vaccination • This is where you deliberately expose someone to antigenic material such as dead or inactive pathogens. • This fools the body into a full blown immune response, creating what? • Antibodies and Memory cells – what do these do?

4. Antigenic material Have a read through and note down the 5 different forms of antigenic material that can be administered intravenously or orally. (p.174)

5. One cure for all? • There are a couple of ways of controlling a disease through the use of vaccination: Ring vaccination – this is used to stop new diseases from spreading by only vacinating a ‘ring’ of people or animals (if we’re talking about livestock here) to stop the disease spreading.- Herd vaccination – this is where you vaccinate enough people to stop the pathogen spreading through the population. You’ve been herd vaccinated against polio, mumps, rubella etc. Around 85% of the population had to be vaccinated against smallpox to eradicate it.

6. Mutating pathogens • Influenza is an example of a disease that is able to mutate its antigens, making the secondary immune response very difficult. • Its is a deadly disease that is caused by a virus. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WN_Kp-lrLg So what’s a pandemic and an epidemic??

7. Stopping ‘flu • To stop another pandemic, “at risk” groups are immunised. • These include those over 65 and any other risk factors (eg?) • In 2006/7 74% of 65+ were immunised along with 42% of other “at-risk” groups. • Scientists research each year what strains of the ‘flu virus are our likely biggest threats.

8. Active, passive, natural, artificial • Let’s read through p.175 together… • Now all of you describe what each form of immunity is and give an example or 2 please…