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Scale Building

This guide covers the fundamental concepts of musical scales, including the construction of major and minor scales, accidentals, and enharmonic spelling. Learn how to build a major scale using the WWHWWWH formula and a natural minor scale using WHWWHWW. Explore the harmonic minor scale, which raises the 7th degree, and the melodic minor scale, which raises the 6th and 7th degrees. Understand how accidentals such as flats, sharps, and double sharps affect pitch. This comprehensive resource provides a foundation for better musical understanding.

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Scale Building

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  1. Scale Building Elyse Hill

  2. Basics • Half Step- One key to the next adjacent key. • Whole Step-Two half steps. • Accidental- b or #, lower or raise pitches a half step. • Enharmonic Spelling- When a pitch has multiple names • Scales classify sounds in music.

  3. Basics (cont’d) • Accidentals in order from lowest to highest: • bb (Double Flat)- lowers pitch a whole step b (Flat)- lowers pitch a half step Natural- cancels out all accidentals # Sharp- raises pitch a half step x Double Sharp- raises pitch a whole step.

  4. Major scales • To build a major scale, follow this formula: • WWHWWWH

  5. Minor Scales • To build a minor scale, follow this formula: • WHWWHWW

  6. Harmonic minor • To build a harmonic minor scale, you must raise the 7th scale degree 1 and a half steps. • So : WHWWH+1 ½ H • The key remains the same, but add in the #s.

  7. Melodic Minor • To build this type of scale, you must raise the 6th and 7th scale degrees. • So: WHWWWWH • The descending scale is in natural minor.

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