An Emerging World Power

1. An Emerging World Power Chapter 18

2. 1. The Roots of Imperialism • Policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories • Extractive – remove raw materials & ship to the home country

3. Reasons • Economic – Raw materials, markets for finished products, fuel industrial revolution • Political – Strengthened your country’s power/prestige in the world • Military – Needed stronger military to protect growing interests and trade; provided bases • Social – Belief in racial, national and cultural superiority • Social Darwinism – only the fittest survive • Humanitarian – spread Christianity and western ideals • Turner – west was a “safety valve” but now closed; needed outlets (Manifest Destiny)

6. The United States and Imperialism • America keeps to itself • George Washington • Monroe Doctrine • Didn’t need resources but needed markets • Alfred T. Mahan urges a strong navy & acquisition of foreign bases

7. American Imperialism cont. • Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay & opens up trade with Japan • Set precedent for further expansion • William Seward purchases Alaska for $7.2 million • Seward’s Folly (Icebox) • Rich in timber, ore, oil • Increased trade with Latin America • Pan American Highway

8. American Imperialism cont. • U.S. acquires Hawaii • Planters had large investments – sugar cane, pineapple (Dole) • Overthrew Hawaiian Queen – Liliuokalani (strong Hawaiian nationalist) • She had resisted American control • Eventually annexed

9. 2. The Spanish American War • Cubans rebel against Spanish rule • Jose Marti – rebel • Thousands put into concentration camps; starved, died of disease • Guerillas often rely on locals • Many Americans sympathized with rebels • Yellow Press • Hearst & Pulitzer printed sensational and inflammatory stories to sell papers • Led to widespread anti-Spanish feeling; jingoism – strong U.S. nationalism

10. War cont. • McKinley sends the USS Maineto protect Americans in Cuba • Ship blows up – Spain blamed but no proof; enraged • 266 Americans died • http://www.history.com/videos/mckinley-faces-war-assassination

11. George Dewey sends U.S. navy into Manila Bay (Philippines) Crushes navy easily Emilio Aguinaldo – Filipino nationalist also fighting Spanish U.S. forces win in Cuba Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” storm San Juan Hill http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war War is over – “splendid little war” 3,000 casualties but most from malaria, yellow fever Spanish American War cont.

13. Americans debate our role in Cuba & Philippines Do we remain as an imperialist nation or let them govern themselves? Treaty of Paris debated Election of 1900 – McKinley runs with war hero Teddy Roosevelt Wins election Establishes America’s role Would govern new countries Turning point for U.S. as a world power Turning Point for America

14. 3. U.S. Gains After the War • The Philippines • “Unfit for self-government” • U.S.- Filipino War • Filipinos fought fiercely • Guerilla war • 200,000 died • 5,000 Americans • Brutal treatment of Filipino people

15. Interests in China “Spheres of Influence” – GB, France, Russia, Germany John Jay opens door to U.S. trade Boxer Rebellion – Chinese resistance to foreigners Uprising killed foreigners Eventually put down by international force Open Door Policy Stated we didn’t want Chinese territory, just trade Roosevelt negotiates end to Russo Japanese War & gains prestige (Nobel Prize) Sends out the “Great White Fleet” – U.S. navy to showcase our navy (intimidate?) American Imperialism cont.

16. Puerto Rico – could enjoy some citizenship rights Cuba – Platt Amendment U.S. could intervene in Cuba Trade only with U.S. Upset many Cubans Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly but carry a big stick” Imperialistic view of the world Moral responsibility to “civilize” or protect weak nations “White Man’s Burden” http://www.history.com/videos/theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacy 4. U.S. and Latin America

17. Roosevelt

19. Panama Canal Building a Canal France attempts/fails Panama controlled by Columbia Roosevelt sends ships to support “Liberation” of Panama Independence from Columbia; now could build a canal http://www.history.com/videos/guts--bolts-panama-canal---locks http://www.history.com/videos/guts--bolts-panama-canal---locomotives Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine) – U.S. would be police power to protect Latin America

20. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy • “Substituting dollars for bullets” • Rely less on big stick diplomacy • Investments in Latin America • Intervened in DR, Haiti, Mexico, to prop up friendly govts. • Many Latin Americans disliked U.S. involvement • Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” • Pursue foreign relations without aggression • Did send troops to several areas though

21. U.S. Territories Today • Puerto Rico • U.S. citizens • No voting rights • Subject to military service & federal laws • No federal income tax • Have voted in favor of status w/U.S. but there is an independence movement

22. U.S. Territories • Guam • U.S. citizens • Representatives in U.S. Congress but they are nonvoting • No voting in presidential elections • U.S. navy occupies 1/3 of the island

23. U.S. Territories • U.S. Virgin Islands • American Samoa • Mariana Islands • Midway Islands • Wake Island • Johnston Atoll • Baker, Howland, Jarvis Islands • Kingman Reef • Navassa Island • Palmyra Atoll – Great book And the Sea Will Tell, by Vincent Bugliosi (Manson writer); double murder on the island