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Introduction to Directory Services

Introduction to Directory Services. CNS 4650 Fall 2004 Rev. 2. What is a Directory. Organized information Structure for finding information quickly and efficiently Single source for information. Everyday Directories. Phonebook Address book Mall/Store Directory File System.

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Introduction to Directory Services

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  1. Introduction to Directory Services CNS 4650 Fall 2004 Rev. 2

  2. What is a Directory • Organized information • Structure for finding information quickly and efficiently • Single source for information

  3. Everyday Directories • Phonebook • Address book • Mall/Store Directory • File System

  4. Example: Phonebook • Entries/Objects - Names • Attributes - Addresses, Phone number • Object Class - City location, type of business

  5. Example: File System • Entries/Objects - File/Directory names • Attributes - Ownership, permissions • Object Class - Type of file (directory, character, plain) lr-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 4 Aug 24 12:16 stdout -> fd/1 crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 20 Sep 2 21:13 tty drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 136 Jan 15 2003 resolver -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Jan 15 2003 rmtab

  6. X.500 • ITU & ISO • Actually a set of standards • Ratified in 1988, 1993, 1997 • Built on OSI model • Also known as DAP (Directory Access Protocol)

  7. LDAP • Univ. of Michigan • ~1995 (version 2) • IETF • Lightweight DAP • TCP/IP based • Simple API

  8. Other Directories • Novell NDS (Netware 4 <) • NT Networking • NIS (UNIX/SUN) • DNS • Flat-files

  9. Directory: Piece by Piece • Schema • Object/Entry • Directory Information Tree • Directory Information Base • Partitions

  10. Schema • Defines the directory • What objects can exist • What attributes the objects have • How the directory is structured • Enforces rules

  11. Object/Entry • Contain attributes • Defined syntax for those attributes • Attributes can be optional or mandatory • Attributes can be string of text or numbers to binary data (such as a photo or digital certificate)

  12. Object Classes • Think of these as “stereotypes” • Quickly give objects attributes • Similar to C++/Java Classes • Can be sub-class of other classes • Multiple object classes can be assigned to a single object

  13. Directory Information Tree • Inverted tree • Hierarchical layout of the directory • Certain objects can be “Container” object • Visual display of the directory

  14. Directory Information Base • Where the directory is stored • Usually optimized for searching and retrieving of data • Usually indexed

  15. Partitions • Subdivide large data stores • Use replication for data synchronization • Also for redundancy and fault tolerance

  16. Why the Study of Directories? • Chances are you use at least one everyday • The future is based in directories • This is largely misunderstood by majority of the population

  17. Sources • Sheresh & ShereshSheresh R. & Sheresh B. (2002) Understanding Directory Services Indianapolis: SAMS

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