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The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies. The Pilgrims of Plymouth. 1620 arrive in Massachusetts 102 Separatists from England, Purest of the Puritans, led by William Bradford Wanted religious freedom (worship god in their own way) Wanted economic opportunity. The Mayflower Compact.

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The New England Colonies

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  1. The New England Colonies

  2. The Pilgrims of Plymouth • 1620 arrive in Massachusetts • 102 Separatists from England, Purest of the Puritans, led by William Bradford • Wanted religious freedom (worship god in their own way) • Wanted economic opportunity

  3. The Mayflower Compact • Agreement of Separatists to maintain order • Majority rule of male church members • Establishes the idea of “CONSENT of the GOVERNED”

  4. Other Facts • 1st winter 44 of 102 people survive • Squanto – taught Pilgrims where to fish, hunt and plant • 1621 a Thanksgiving will be celebrated • Sustained by, “The Beaver & the Bible” • Never grow into a sizeable colony

  5. Puritanism

  6. Puritan Punishments Branding Iron The Ducking Stool Whipping Post The Stocks

  7. Massachusetts Bay Puritans • Religious group. Want to simplify church practices, moderate Puritans. • Establish Massachusetts Bay Colony with a Charter from Charles I • “Swine which rooted in God’s vineyard” • Led by John Winthrop, governor for 30 years “A CITY UPON A HILL”

  8. Who were they? • Well organized group • Over 1,000 people • Farmers, blacksmiths, carpenters, • 1630’s Great Migration swells their ranks to 30,000 plus in New England • 40,000 will go to the West Indies

  9. The Great Migration

  10. Salvations was granted by God Good behavior was the result of being saved Followers had a promise w/ God to lead a moral life Community should be modeled on the Bible Establish PUBLIC EDUCATION through the Massachusetts Law of 1647 Lasting legacy – Protestant Ethic, hard work = success Puritan Beliefs

  11. Religious Malcontents • Roger Williams – minister from Salem • At odds with Puritan doctrine • Indians should be paid for their lands and forced conversion of Indians, “stinks in the nostrils of God” • Government and church should be separate from each other Roger Williams

  12. Williams and Rogues’ Island • Faces trial for his beliefs • Guilty, banished, then facing exile • Escapes to Rhode Island, establishes Providence • Has complete religious freedom • No state supported churches • Manhood suffrage • Most liberal of all the colonies, “home of the otherwise like minded”

  13. Anne Hutchinson • Outspoken church critic • Holds religious meetings in her home • Predestination meant you didn’t need to obey God or man

  14. Anne’s Crimes • Challenging of Puritan ministers authority • Covenant of Grace v. Covenant of Works • Against slavery • Questioned baptizing babies • Questioned practice of communion

  15. The Jezebel’s trial • Labeled an outlaw, accused of heresy • Defends self • Claims a direct revelation from God • Banished from Mass. Bay • Settles in Rhode Island then Long Island • Killed with her family in Long Island by Indians • John Winthrop said her death was, “God’s Hand”

  16. New England – People & Events • Thomas Hooker – Puritan minister • Founder of Connecticut • The Fundamental Orders of 1639 • First written constitution in North America • Farming opportunities and seaport

  17. Maine & New Hampshire • Founded by fur trappers and fisherman • Maine will be part of Massachusetts until 1820 • New Hampshire will be made a separate colony by Charles II

  18. Puritan and Indian Relations • Indian population weakened by disease • Wampanoag try to establish friendly relations – Squanto • Quick expansion of Puritan settlements causes friction • Culture clash over land

  19. The Pequot War • Connecticut River Valley • English and Narragansett allied v. Pequots • Pequot burned alive, shot or sold into slavery, “blotted out from under heaven” Mystic River Massacre

  20. King Philip • Algonquin sachem • Aka Metacom • Resists white encroachment attacks 52 Puritan towns destroying 12, hundreds killed • Defeated, drawn, quartered • Indian resistance in New England will end

  21. The Iroquois Confederation “Our Indians Have Outdone the Romans” Total of six tribes located in Mohawk Valley of New York Dominate the fur trade Lasting impact on America: Battle Tactics Federal Union – with political and military leaders, Chiefs were viewed as servants of the people Women of the tribe picked male tribal leaders Noted for oratory skill, power of persausion

  22. The New England Confederation • Colonies of Mass. Bay, Plymouth, Conn. And New Haven unite for self defense against Indians, Dutch or French threats • Address intercolonial issues such as: slavery indentured servants, expansion • Each colony had two votes, another step to representative government • Arises during a period of benign neglect or Salutary Neglect

  23. New England Politics • Structure – governor, legislature, town meetings to handle local affairs, property owners had a say in their taxes • Dominion of New England – English attempt to control colonies, charters revoked, assemblies, enforcement of Navigation Acts led by Sir Edmund Andros • Dominion ends with the Glorious Revolution • “City Upon a Hill” also ends with rise of Anglican Church in Boston

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