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Nervous System

Nervous System. Parts of the Nervous System. Brain Spinal Cord Nerves. Vocabulary to Know . Homeostasis The regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment . Nerve Cells . Neurons Basic functioning units of the nervous system .

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System

  2. Parts of the Nervous System • Brain • Spinal Cord • Nerves

  3. Vocabulary to Know • Homeostasis • The regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment

  4. Nerve Cells • Neurons • Basic functioning units of the nervous system

  5. http://ilearn.senecac.on.ca/aahs/health/IHP/ottawa/anatomy/neuron/map/neuron.htmlhttp://ilearn.senecac.on.ca/aahs/health/IHP/ottawa/anatomy/neuron/map/neuron.html

  6. http://35.9.122.184/images/40-AnimalStructureAndFunction/

  7. Neurons • Made up of a cell body and branches called dendrites and axons • Dendrites receive messages from other neurons and send them to the cell body • Axons carry messages away from the cell body

  8. Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse Any message carried by a neuron is called an impulse

  9. Neurons A message carried by a neuron is called an impulse

  10. Types of Neurons • Sensory • Motor • Interneuron

  11. Sensory Neurons • Receive information • Send impulses to the brain or spinal cord

  12. Interneurons • Send impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

  13. Motor Neurons • Conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body

  14. Synapse • Small space across which an impulse moves from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron

  15. Synapse • An impulse reaches the end of an axon • Axon releases a chemical • Flows across the synapse • Stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron • Impulse moves from neuron to neuron

  16. http://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/Volume7/Number1/images/Neuron.jpghttp://www.med.harvard.edu/publications/On_The_Brain/Volume7/Number1/images/Neuron.jpg

  17. An impulse moves in only one direction across a synapse - from an axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. http://mhln.com

  18. Two Parts • Central (CNS) • Peripheral (PNS)

  19. http://inside.salve.edu/walsh/cns_pns.jpg

  20. Central Nervous System • Brain • Spinal cord

  21. The Brain • Coordinates body activities • Made up of approximately 100 billion neurons • Divided into three major parts- • the cerebrum • the cerebellum • the brain stem.

  22. Cerebrum • Largest part of the brain • Thinking • Memory is stored • Movements are controlled • Impulses from the senses are interpreted.

  23. Cerebellum • Interprets stimuli from eyes, ears, muscles • Controls voluntary muscle movements • Maintains muscle tone • Helps maintain balance

  24. Brain Stem • Connects brain to spinal cord • Made up of the midbrain, the pons, • Act as pathways connecting various parts of the brain with each other • Medulla • controls involuntary actions

  25. http://www.cbituk.org/GRAPHICS/brain.gif

  26. The Spinal Cord • Extension of the brain stem • Bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body extension of the brain stem. It is made up of bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body

  27. The Peripheral Nervous System Your brain and spinal cord are connected to the rest of your body by the peripheral nervous system. The PNS is made up of 12 pairs of nerves from your brain called cranial nerves, and 31 pairs from your spinal cord called spinal nerves. Spinal nerves are made up of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together by connective tissue. For this reason, a single spinal nerve can have impulses going to and from the brain at the same time. Some nerves contain only sensory neurons, and some contain only motor neurons, but most nerves contain both types of neurons. Somatic and Autonomic Systems The peripheral nervous system has two major divisions. The somatic system controls voluntary actions. It is made up of the cranial and spinal nerves that go from the central nervous system to your skeletal muscles. The autonomic system controls involuntary actions-those not under conscious control-such as your heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular functions. These two divisions, along with the central nervous system, make up your body's nervous system. Research Visit the Glencoe Science Web site at tx.science.glencoe.com for more information about the nervous system. Make a brochure outlining recent medical advances.

  28. Peripheral Nervous System • Connects body to brain & spinal cord • 12 pairs of nerves from your brain (cranial nerves) • 31 pairs from your spinal cord (spinal nerves) • Bundles of sensory and motor neurons held together by connective tissue

  29. http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=178&c=21http://www.christopherreeve.org/Research/Research.cfm?ID=178&c=21

  30. Peripheral Nervous System • Two divisions • Somatic • Autonomic

  31. http://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/Parmacology/Pics/anatomy/PNS.GIFhttp://abdellab.sunderland.ac.uk/lectures/Parmacology/Pics/anatomy/PNS.GIF

  32. Somatic Nervous System • Controls voluntary actions • Made up of the cranial and spinal nerves that go from the central nervous system to your skeletal muscles

  33. Autonomic Nervous System • Controls involuntary actions-those not under conscious control-such as your heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular functions

  34. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/autonomic.gifhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/autonomic.gif

  35. Reflexes • Involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus • Involves a simple nerve pathway called a reflex arc

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